| A | B |
|---|
| Word | Definition |
| Mechanical Energy | Energy associated with motion of an object |
| Thermal Energy | Total energy of the particles in a substance or material |
| Chemical Energy | Potential energy stored in chemical |
| Electical Energy | Moving electrical charges that produce electricity and energy |
| Electromagnetic Energy | Energy that travels in rays |
| Nuclear Energy | Energy stored in the nucleus of an atom fromfission or fusion |
| motion | An object is in motion when its distance from another object is changing. |
| reference point | a place or object used for comparision to determine if something is in motion |
| speed | the distance the object travels per unit of time |
| speed formula | speed = distance รท Time |
| constant speed | same speed for several hours |
| velocity | speed in a given direction |
| acceleration | the rate at which velocity changes |
| force | a push or pull |
| net force | all forces added together |
| balanced forces | equal forces acting on one object in opposite directions |
| inertia | the tendency of an object to resist change in its motion |
| Newton's First Law of Motion | An object is at rest will remain at rest and an object that is moving at constant velocity will continue moving at constant velocity unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. |
| Newton's 2nd law | An accelerating object has force. Force = mass x acceleration |
| Newton's 3rd law | every action has an equal and opposite reaction |
| sliding friction | When solid surfaces slide over each other |
| Rolling friction | When an object rolls over a surface |
| Fluid friction | Object moves through a liquid or gas |
| gravity | the force that pulls objects towards each other |
| Free fall | When the only force acting upon an object is gravity |
| projectile | Any object that is thrown |
| Air resistance | Type of fluid friction when objects fall through air |
| Terminal velocity | the greatest velocity an object reaches |
| Law of Universal Gravitation | The force of gravity acts between all objects in the universe |
| momentum | mass x velocity |
| Conservation of Momentum | The total momentum of any group of objects remains the same unless outside forces act on the objects. |
| pressure | force pushing on a surface |
| Calculating pressure | pressure=force/area |
| SI unit of pressure | newton per square meter |
| pascal | unit of pressure |
| fluid | substance that can flow easily |
| Air pressure | decreases as elevation increases |
| Water pressure | increases as depth increases |
| Pascal's Principle | When force is applied to a confined fluid, an increase in pressure is transmitted equally to all parts of the fluid. |
| Hydraulic system | multiplies a force by applying the force to a small surface area |
| buoyant force | exerted by water-acts in the upward direction, against the force of gravity, so it makes an object feel lighter. |
| Archimedes' Principal | buoyant force on an objects is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object |
| density | mass/volume |
| Bernoulli's Principle | pressure exerted by a moving stream of fluid is less than the pressure of the surrrounding fluid. |
