| A | B |
|---|
| accessory coverings | egg layers surrounding the oocyte |
| acrosome | Golgi-derived reservoir of enzymes in head of sperm |
| albumen | proteinaceous accessory covering of bird eggs secreted postovulation |
| anaphase | phase of nuclear division when chromosomes move to opposite cell poles |
| angiogenic factors | substances that cause growth of blood vessels |
| animal pole | end of egg with lowest concentration of yolk |
| annulate lamellae | specialized form of ER found in eggs, contains some RNA |
| antrum | fluid-filled chamber in maturing ovarian follicle |
| aromatase | enzyme that converts testosterone to estrogens |
| atresia | process of ovarian follicle degeneration |
| avidin | major component of egg white secreted by goblet cells |
| blastoderm | aggregate of cells that give rise to the embryo |
| blood island | blood cell-forming aggregate of splanchnic mesoderm lining yolk sac |
| blood-testis barrier | continuous sheet of Sertoli cells interlocked by tight junctions |
| calcareous salts | calcium-containing compounds found in egg shell |
| centromere | site on chromosome where sister chromatids are united |
| chalazae | spiral structures found in egg whites |
| chiasmata | sites of crossing-over in homologous recombination |
| chromatids | continuous linear chain of DNA in chromosome |
| chromosome | tightly coiled chromatin |
| corona radiata | accesory layer of mammalian eggs composed of follicle cells |
| corpus albicans | scar tissue formed in degenerated corpus luteum |
| corpus luteum | hormone secreting structure formed from postovulatory follicle |
| cortical granules | storage vesicles for enzymes involved in polyspermy block |
| cumulus oophorus | egg surrounded by granulosa cells protruding into antrum |
| cytokinesis | division of cytoplasm |
| cytostatic factor | chemical that creates meiotic block |
| diakinesis | last prophase I stage, chiasma terminalize |
| diploid | genome with two copies of each type of chromosome |
| diplotene | synapsed chromosomes in form of tetrads |
| equational division | second meiotic division |
| flagellum | organelle that provides sperm motility |
| follicle | ovum and the accessory cells of the ovary that surround it |
| follicular epithelium | ovarian cells surrounding amphibian eggs |
| gamete | sex cell |
| gametogenesis | process of generating sex cells |
| germ cell | stem cells that give rise to gametes |
| germinal crescent | area of avian blastoderm anterior to future head |
| germinal vesicle | enlarged nucleus of amphibian egg |
| goblet cells | wine-glass shaped epithelial cells that secrete mucus and avidin |
| gonad | sex cell producing organ |
| Graafian follicle | mature mammalian follicle, ready to rupture |
| granulosa cells | hormone secreting cells surrounding ovum |
| haploid | genome with only one copy of each type of chromosome |
| inner vitelline membrane | fibrous accessory layer around bird ovum prior to ovulation |
| intercellular bridges | cytoplasmic connections remaining after incomplete cytokinesis |
| interphase | phase of cell growth between karyokineses |
| jelly coat | polysaccharide accessory layer of amphibian eggs |
| lampbrush chromosomes | transcriptionally active chromosomes apparent in oogenesis |
| latebra | principal accumulation of white yolk in center of a bird egg |
| leptotene | first stage of prophase I - chromosomes threadlike |
| lipochondria | lipid storing inclusion in amphibian eggs |
| lipovitellenin | yolk-binding protein in bird eggs |
| lipovitellin | lipoprotein component of yolk |
| lysozyme | bacteriostatic enzyme found in bird egg white |
| macrovilli | large ruffles in plasma membrane of amphibian follicle cells |
| marginal zone | transitional area between animal and vegetal hemispheres |
| maturation | process of gaining fully differentiated form |
| maturation promoting factor | chemical that releases meiotic block |
| maturation division | karyokineses of meiosis |
| meiosis | reduction of genome from 2n, 2c to 1n, 1c |
| metaphase | stage of karyokinesis when chromosomes line up along cell equator |
| micropinocytosis | nonspecific fluid-phase uptake of materials in vesicles |
| microvilli | small ruffles of plasma membrane of amphibian oocyte |
| mitochondrial helix | chain of ATP-producing organelles in sperm |
| mitosis | karyokinesis producing 2 2n,1c cells from a 2n, 2c cell |
| nucleus of Pander | concentration of white yolk under blastoderm in bird eggs |
| oocytes | egg-producing cells in meiosis |
| oogenesis | process of making egg cells |
| oogonia | stem cells for eggs |
| outer vitelline membrane | fibrous coat that surrounds bird egg in top of oviduct |
| ovalbumin | major proteinaceous component of bird egg white |
| ovulation | release of egg from ovary |
| pachytene | phase of prophase I when all chromosomes become bivalent members |
| palisade layer | inner portion of shafts of calcium salts in avian egg shell |
| phosphovitin | phosphoprotein component of amphibian yolk |
| polar body | small, nonreproductive cell formed during oogenesis |
| previtellogenesis | period of amphibian egg development up to diplotene |
| primary follicle | primordial follicle surrounded by single layer of cuboidal follicular cells |
| primordial follicle | primary oocyte with incomplete covering of flat follicular cells |
| prophase | stage in karyokinesis where chromosomes condense |
| protamines | DNA packaging proteins in sperm cells |
| reduction division | meiosis I |
| residual body | cytoplasm left when sperm cell is shed into lumen of seminiferous tubule |
| secondary follicle | ovarian follicle with discernable antrum |
| shell | hard accessory covering of egg |
| somatic cell | cell not involved in sexual reproduction |
| spermatids | immature male haploid gametes |
| spermatocytes | male sex cells undergoing meiosis |
| spermatogenesis | process of making male sex cells |
| spermatogonia | stem cells for male gametes |
| spermatozoa | male sex cells possessing flagella |
| spermiogenesis | generation of spermatozoa from spermatids |
| stigma | avascular band surrounding avian follicle, ruptures on ovulation |
| synapsis | pairing of homologous chromosomes |
| synaptinemal complex | complex structure of DNA and proteins at chiasma |
| telophase | stage of karyokinesis where nucleus re-forms |
| teratomas | tumors arising from primordial germ cells at extragonadal sites |
| terminalization | movement of chiasmata to ends of chromosomes |
| tertiary follicle | follicle with egg protruding into antrum as cumulus oophorus |
| theca | thin layer of ovarian tissue containing blood vessels |
| vegetal pole | end of egg having the highest concentration of yolk |
| vitelline envelope | tough membrane surrounding sea urching and frog eggs, contain sperm receptors |
| vitellogenin | amphibian yolk precursor found in blood |
| vitellogenesis | process of making yolk |
| white yolk | avian yolk with low fat content deposited at night |
| yellow yolk | avian yolk with high fat content deposited during daytime |
| yolk nucleus | dense cloud of mitochondria, called Balbiani body |
| yolk platelets | proteinaceous material in frog eggs stored in membranous vesicles |
| zona pellucida | clear accessory coat around mammal egg, contains sperm receptors |
| zona radiata | highly irregular membrane of avian ova |
