| A | B |
| residual soil | made directly from the rock found underneath |
| permeability | how fast water can flow through particles |
| A Horizon | humus |
| B Horizon | subsoil |
| abrasion | the grinding away of rock by other rock particles |
| ice wedging | the process by which freezing water widens and deepens cracks in rocks |
| porosity | the amount of space between particles |
| weathering | the process that breaks down rocks and other material |
| gravity | the force that pulls rock and soil down slopes |
| lateral moraine | till formed at the edge of a glacier |