| A | B |
|---|
| Adaptive strategies | A. osmoconformers, 1. most marine invertebrates, a. intertidal zones (fluctuating tides--salty v.s. fresh water) B. osmoregulators, 1. discharge excess water and/or salts, 2. conserve water and/or salts |
| osmoconformers | remain isosmotic with fluid environment |
| osmoregulators | work to regulate/maintain osmolarity of internal fluids |
| salt v.s. fresh water | A. marine body fish (cod), B. fresh water body fish (perch) |
| salt vs. fresh water-A. Marine bony fish (cod) | compensation, a. drinks large volumes of seawater, b. pumps salt out across gills, c. excretes small volume isosmotic urine |
| salt vs. fresh water-B. Fresh water bony fish (perch) | compensation, a. does not drink water, b. pumps salt in across gills, c. excretes large volumes of hyposmotic urine |
| Osmoregulation Requires a Transport Epithelium | A. usually a single sheet of tightly joined cells connected to an outlet duct, B. Flame-cell system of flatworms (rotonephridium) |
| Osmoregulation Requires a Transport Epithelium-A. usually a single sheet of tightly joined cells connected to an outlet duct | 1. any and all substances must pass through the cells, 2. different permeabilites to water and solutes adapted to meet the needs of different organims, Egs. gils of marine fish pump salt out, gills of freshwater fish pump salt in |
| Osmoregulation Requires a Transport Epithelium-B. Flame-cell system of flatworms (protonephridium) | 1. directly regulates content of interstitial fluid, 2. components (a. branched system of tubules with flame-cells at tips, b. beating of cilia pushes fluid through, c. nephridiopores=(excretory pores)=duct tubules openings on body surface |
| Osmoregulation Requires a Transport Epithelium-C. malpighian tubules in insects | 1.remove salt water and nitrogenous wastes from hemolymph, 2. components a. extenstions (diverticula) of the gut between midgut and hindgut (i. transport epithelium pumps wastes from hemolymph into tubule, ii. passes through hindgut into rectum, iii. salt and water are reabsorbed from gut, iv. nitrogenous wastes eliminated in nearly dry feces) |
| Osmoregulation Requirea a Transport Epithelium-D. Kidneys in Vertebrates | 1. anatomy of the human renal system, 2. microanatomy of the nephron |
