| A | B |
|---|
| rock | mixture of minerals, mineraloids, glass or organic matter |
| rock cycle | process by which, over many years, Earth materials form & change back & forth among igneous, sedimentary, & metamorphic rocks |
| igneous rocks | form by cooling & hardening or molten material from a volcano or deep inside Earth |
| magma | molten material deep inside Earth |
| lava | material that flows out of volcanoes onto Earth's surface |
| extrusive | igneous rocks formed when lava exits the Earth |
| intrusive | igneous rocks formed inside Earth's surface |
| granitic | light-colored igneous rocks made of silicon & oxygen |
| basaltic | dark-colored igneous rocks made of iron & magnesium |
| metamorphic | rocks that have changed due to temperature & pressure |
| nonfoliated | metamorphic rocks in which the minerals do not form bands |
| foliated | metamorphic rocks that have mineral grains that line up in parallel bands |
| sedimentary | rocks form when sediments are compacted or cemented together |
| sediments | rock fragments, mineral grains, & bits of plant and animal remains |
| compaction | when pressure from upper layers of rock pushes down on the lower layers |
| cementation | when water soaks through soil & rocks, dissolves minerals that act like natural cements |
| detrial | sedimentary rocks made from broken fragments of other rocks |
| organic | sedimentary rocks form from remains of once living things |
| chemical | sedimentary rocks form when minerals from a solution are left behind after the solution evaporates |
| waste coal | large piles of poor quality coal lying near abandoned coal mines that can generate acid runoff |
| cogeneration | process in which a power plant uses both the electrical & thermal energy produced by the plant |
