| A | B |
|---|
| A | adenine |
| C | cytosine |
| G | guanine |
| T | thymine |
| suggested structure of DNA | Watson & Crick |
| DNA shape | double helix |
| complementary base pairs | DNA nucleotides pair up |
| replication | process of copying DNA |
| replication fork | point where 2 chains separate |
| helicases | separating enzymes |
| DNA polymerases | bind to separated DNA chains |
| mutation | change in nucleotide sequence |
| uracil | replaces thymine in RNA |
| Types of RNA | messenger, transfer, ribosomal |
| messenger RNA | carries genetic info. from DNA in the nucleus to the cytosol |
| transfer RNA | binds to specific amino acids |
| ribosomal | makes up the ribosomes where proteins are made |
| transcription | genetic info. is copied from DNA to RNA |
| RNA polymerase | primary transcription enzyme |
| promoters | marks beginning of DNA chain that will be transcribed |
| termination signal | marks end of gene being transcribed |
| protein synthesis | the production of proteins |
| genetic code | used by most organisms to translate mRNA transcripts into proteins |
| codon | combination of 3 mRNA nucleotides; codes for a specific amino acid |
| start codon (AUG) | engages a ribosome to start translating an mRNA molecule |
| stop codons (UAA, UAG, UGA) | cause the ribosome to stop translating mRNA |
| translation | assembling polypeptides from info. encoded in mRNA |
