| A | B |
|---|
| party bosses | governed the party and machine |
| wards | cities are divided into these |
| precinct | part of a ward |
| George Washington Plunkitt | "I seen my opportunities and I took 'em" |
| party loyalist | supported the machine with votes and financial support in return for jobs |
| Thomas Nast | father of political cartoons |
| Harper's Weekly | magazine that containe Thomas Nast's work |
| Tammany hall | powerful New York City political organization |
| Boss Tweed | last of the Tammany Hall politicians |
| Jane Addams | founded Hull House in Chicago |
| Upton Sinclair | "The Jungle" |
| Wyoming | first state to allow women to vote |
| Tennessee | final state to ratify 19th amendment |
| muckraker | journalists who alerted the public to wrongdoing in politics |
| Progressive Era | period of history from 1890-1920 |
| Florence Kelley | chosen by Jane Addams to uncover child labor practices |
| home rule | system by which cities exercise a limited degree of self rule |
| municipal | city |
| injunctions | court orders |
| social welfare programs | help ensure a basic standard of living for all Americans |
| direct primary | election in which voters cast ballots to select nominees for upcoming elections |
| initiative | citizens can propose new laws by obtaining a certain percentage of voters' signatures on a petition |
| referendum | citizens may demand via petition that a law passed by the legislature be "referred" to voters for their approval |
| recall | ability to remove public officials from office before the next election |
| holding companies | corporations that hold the stocks and bonds of numerous companies |
| conservationists | people concerned with the care and protection of natural resources |
| New Nationalism | program favored by Progressives |
| New Freedom | program favored by Democrats |
| civil disobedience | nonviolent refusal to obey a law in an effort to change the law |
| Congressional Union | organization founded by Alice Paul |
