| A | B |
|---|
| classical mechanics | laws of motion developed by Isaac Newton to explain the observed motion of large objects |
| wave mechanics | laws of motion used to describe the motion of subatomic particles with small masses |
| quantum mechanics | studies the motion of relatively small particles that travel at relatively fast speeds |
| uncertainty principle | impossible to know the precise lotion and precise velocity of a subatomic particle at the same time |
| standing wave | a wave that meets itself without overlapping and a way to describe the electron fitting into the atom |
| principal quantum number | (n) represents the number of shells or principle energy levels in the atom |
| secondary quantum number | (l) represents the number of energy sublevels found within a shell |
| tertiary quantum number | (m) represents the specific orbital within the sublevel occupied by a electron or pair of electrons |
| quaternary quantum number | (s) represents the magnetic spin of an electron sharing an orbital with another electron |
| sublevels | subdivisions of the main energy levels (s, p, d, or f) |
| orbital | region with in a sublevel where a pair of electrons may be found |
| Pauli exclusion principle | – in order for two electrons to occupy the same orbital they must have opposite spins |
| orbital diagrams | used to describe the placement of electrons in orbitals |
| orbital pair | the two opposite spin electrons occupying the same orbital |
| quantum numbers | used to represent the “address” of an electron; energy level, sub level, orbital, and spin |
| electron configuration | a representation of the arrangement of electrons in the various orbitals of an atom |
| valence shell | the outermost principle energy level of an atom that includes at least one electron |
| valence electrons | the electrons occupying the outermost principle energy level of an atom |
| kernel | parts of the atom exclusive of the valence shell, the nucleus and all of the inner energy levels of electrons |
| Hund’s Rule | electrons will not pair in an orbital until all orbitals in that sublevel contain at least one electron |
| spectroscopy | studies the behavior of substances exposed to a continuous exciting energy |
| line spectra | unique set of light wavelengths released by excited substance returning to ground state |
| Max Planck | light energy not released continuously but released in small spurts |
| quantum | packet of electromagnetic energy |
| photon | packet of light energy |
| Louis de Broglie | proposed Wave-Particle Duality of Nature that waves can act like particles and particles can act like waves |
| Werner Heisenberg | proposed uncertainty principle |
| Erwin Schrodinger | electron is a wave develops an equation using quantum number that describes the probable location as an electron cloud |
| H electron configuration | 1s1 |
| He electron configuration | 1s2 |
| Li electron configuration | 1s22s1 |
| Be electron configuration | 1s22s2 |
| B electron configuration | 1s22s22p1 |
| C electron configuration | 1s22s22p2 |
| N electron configuration | 1s22s22p3 |
| O electron configuration | 1s22s22p4 |
| F electron configuration | 1s22s22p5 |
| Ne electron configuration | 1s22s22p6 |
| Na electron configuration | 1s22s22p63s1 |
| Mg electron configuration | 1s22s22p63s2 |
| Al electron configuration | 1s22s22p63s23p1 |
| Si electron configuration | 1s22s22p63s23p2 |
| P electron configuration | 1s22s22p63s23p3 |
| S electron configuration | 1s22s22p63s23p4 |
| Cl electron configuration | 1s22s22p63s23p5 |
| Ar electron configuration | 1s22s22p63s23p6 |
| K electron configuration | 1s22s22p63s23p64s1 |
| Ca electron configuration | 1s22s22p63s23p64s2 |
| Sc electron configuration | 1s22s22p63s23p63d14s2 |
| Ti electron configuration | 1s22s22p63s23p63d24s2 |
| V electron configuration | 1s22s22p63s23p63d34s2 |
| Cr electron configuration | 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s1 |
| Mn electron configuration | 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s2 |
| Fe electron configuration | 1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2 |
| Co electron configuration | 1s22s22p63s23p63d74s2 |
| Ni electron configuration | 1s22s22p63s23p63d84s2 |
| Cu electron configuration | 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s1 |
| Zn electron configuration | 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s2 |
| Ga electron configuration | 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p1 |
| Ge electron configuration | 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p2 |
| As electron configuration | 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p3 |
| Se electron configuration | 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p4 |
| Br electron configuration | 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p5 |
| Kr electron configuration | 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p6 |
| Rb electron configuration | 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p15s1 |
| Sr electron configuration | 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p15s2 |
