| A | B |
|---|
| CHANGE THAT OCCURRED DURING THE REFORMATION AND ENLIGHTENMENT | new questioning spirit and attitude |
| SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION AND ENLIGHTENMENT ONE SIMILARITY IN THE WORK OF SCIENTISTS AND PHILOSOPHERS WAS: | examined natural laws governing the universe |
| HELIOCENTRIC THEORY | Nicholaus Copernicus |
| LAW OF UNIVERSAL GRAVITATION | all physical objects are affected equally by same forces |
| 'ALL THAT IS REQUIRED FOR THIS ENLIGHTENMENT IS FREEDOM; AND PARTICULARLY THE LEAST HARMFUL OF ALL THAT MAY BE CALLED FREEDOM, NAMELY, THE FREEDOM FOR MAN TO MAKE PUBLIC USE OF HIS REASON IN ALL MATTERS" | Immanuel Kant |
| 'MAN IS BORN FREE, BUT IS EVERYWHERE IN CHAINS.' | Jean-Jacques Rousseau |
| "I DO NOT AGREE WITH A WORD YOU SAY, BUT I WILL DEFEND TO THE DEATH YOUR RIGHT TO SAY IT." | Voltaire |
| "IN ORDER TO HAVE LIBERTY, IT IS NECESSARY THAT THE GOVERNMENT BE CONSTITUTED SO THAT NO ONE MAN NEED NOT BE AFRAID OF ANOTHER." | Baron de Montesquieu |
| THIS WAS CAUSED BY SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION | improvements in medicine and scientific instruments |
| ANDREAS VESALIUS AND VOLTAIRE BOTH DID THIS | challenge pre-existing ideas |
| THIS STATEMENT REFLECTS AN ARGUMENT OF ENLIGHTENMENT PHILOSOPHERS AGAINST THE BELIEF IN THE DIVINE RIGHT OF KINGS | the power of the government is derived from the governed |
| IDEAS OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT | All human beings are born free and equal with a right to life and liberty. It is the duty of government to protect these natural rights of its citizens |
| MAJOR CONCEPT PROMOTED BY PHILOSOPHERS | use of reason for rational and logical thinking |
| PHILOSOPHES BELIEVED: | progress for society |
| ENLIGHTENMENT WRITERS PRIMARILY WERE INTERESTED IN: | changing the relationship between people and their government |
| THINKERS DURING AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT CHALLENGED THE ESTABLISHED SOCIAL ORDER BY: | calling for a just society based on reason |
| MOST RADICAL IDEA EXPRESSED BY WOMEN IN THE ENLIGHTENMENT: | were not inferior to men |
| IDEA OF DIRECT DEMOCRACY IS EXPLAINED IN: | the Social Contract |
| CAPITAL OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT WAS: | Paris |
| GOVERNMENT AND CHURCH OFFICIALS FOUGHT AGAINST ENLIGHTENMENT IDEAS WITH: | censorship |
| PHILOSOPHES INFLUENCED CATHERINE THE GREAT'S: | proposal on reforms to Russia's laws |
| HOW DID THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE EMBODY ENLIGHTENMENT IDEALS: | It said that people have rights of life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness |
| TRUE STATEMENT ABOUT EUROPEAN PEASANTS DURING THE ENLIGHTENMENT: | The Enlightenment had little effect on their life |
| FREDERICK II SUPPORTED: | freedom of worship |
| JOSEPH II's ENLIGHTENED POLICIES IN AUSTRIA WERE: | ultimately erased by Austria's nobles after his death |
| THIS WAS DISAPPEARING IN THE WEST BUT BECAME EVEN MORE DEEPLY ROOTED IN RUSSIA: | serfdom |
| CATHERINE II'S CONTRIBUTION TO RUSSIA WAS: | an expanded empire |
| AMERICAN REVOLUTION WAS INFLUENCED BY: | the philosophes, political scientists and british policies |
| MONTESQUIEU'S INFLUENCE ON THE U.S. CONSTITUTION WAS: | branches of government |
| THIS PERSON CONTRADICTED THE IDEAS OF THE U.S. CONSTITUTION | Thomas Hobbes |
| NICOLAUS COPERNICUS | This astronomer reasoned that stars and planets revolved around the sun |
| ISAAC NEWTON | great mathematician and physicist - law of universal gravitation |
| FRANCIS BACON | English politician and writer who had a passionate interest in science |
| RENE DESCARTES | Mathematician developed analytical geometry |
| GALILEO GALILEI | Many scientific discoveries; the law of the pendulum and the fact that falling objects accelerate at fixed and predictable rates |
| THOMAS HOBBES | political thinker that thought that all humans are naturally selfish and wicked |
| JOHN LOCKE | political thinker that thought people are reasonable beings |
| MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT | political thinker who presented an argument for the education of women |
| DENIS DIDEROT | Edited and published the Encyclopedia |
| MARIA-THERESE GEOFFRIN | Ran the most influential of Paris salons during the Enlightenment |
