| A | B |
|---|
| Internalization | Process by which a norm becomes a part of an individual's personality, thereby condition the individual to conform to society's expectations. |
| Sanction | Rewards or punishments used to enforce conformity to norms. |
| Positive Sanction | Sanction in the form of a reward. |
| Negative Sanction | Sanction in the form of a punishment or threat of punishment. |
| Formal Sanction | Rewards or punishment that is given by some formal orgainization or regulatory body, such as the government, the police, a corporation, or a school. |
| Informal Sanction | Spontaneous expression of approval or disapproval given by an individual or individuals. |
| Social Control | Enforcing of norms through either internalization or sanctions. |
| Ideology | System of beliefs or ideas that justifies some social, moral, religious, political, or economic interests held by a social group or by society. |
| Social Movement | Long-term conscious effort to promote or prevent social change. |
| Discovery | When people recognize new uses for existing elements in the world or begin to understand them in new ways. |
| Invention | Use of existing knowledge to create something that did not previously exist. |
| Diffusion | Spread of culture traits (ideas, acts, beliefs and material object) from one society to another. |
| Narassism | Extreme self-centeredness. |
| Assimilation | Blending of culturally distinct groups into a single group with a common culture and identity. |
| Ethocentricism | Tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups. |
| Cultural Lag | Situation in which some aspects of the culture change less rapidly, or lag behind, other aspects of the same culture. |
| Vested Interest | The person who is satisfied with the way things are now is bound to resist any effort to change the situation. |
