| A | B |
|---|
| liberalism | 19th Century movement to reform government |
| non-democratic practices | unpaid representatives-no secret ballot-religious/property/gender restrictions-apportionment |
| apportionment | dividing electoral districts - one man-one vote |
| Reform Act of 1832 | lowered property qualifications for voting |
| Earl Grey | British Prime Minister & reformer-he got reform bill through Parliament |
| Chartist Movement | proposed political reform for the working class |
| disenfranchise | to deprive a group of people the right to vote |
| Corn Laws | tariffs placed on grain-supported by farmers-opposed by industrialists |
| Queen Victoria | ruled Great Britain for 64 years-great leader |
| William Gladstone | Liberal Party-served 4 times as Prime Minster(G.B.)-major democratic reform |
| Australian Ballot | secret ballot when voting |
| Benjamin Disraeli | Conservative Party-served two terms as Prime Minister (G.B.) |
| Reform Bill of 1867 | lowered property qualifications for voting-all maled property owners and most renters could vote |
| unions | growth in the late 1800's-political activism-collective bargaining-considered socialist |
| Fabian Society | prepared the way for a Socialist economy & government-change through legislation |
| Parliament Act of 1911 | greatly reduced the power of the House of Lords-House of Commons controls major legislation |
| Head of State | ceremonial positions-entertain foreign dignataries |
| Head of Government | legislative & executive leader (President & Prime Minister) |
| Emmeline Pankhurst | fought for women's right to vote-founded the WSPU |
| suffragettes | those women who worked for the right to vote |
| suffrage | the right to vote |
| Ireland | a country divided (Catholics & Protestants)colonized by British-potato famine |
| Home Rule | self-government in Ireland-passed in 1914, but never put into effect |
| Dublin | Capital of Ireland - Catholic |
| Belfast | Capital of Northern Ireland - Protestant |
| Northern Ireland | Protestant Ireland & independent country |
| Irish Republic | Catholic Ireland & independent country |
| Canada | British territory in North America; self-government 1867 |
| British North American Act | 1867-established Canada as a dominion - later independence |
| dominion | self-governing territory owing allegiance to the British king or queen |
| Australia | discovered in the late 18th Century - penal colony -1860 Gold Rush |
| James Cook | British sea captain - discovered Australia & New Zealand |
| aborigines | the orignial inhabitants of Australia |
| New Zealand | first settled in 1770-settled by whalers in 1790-first permanent settlement 1840 |
| Maori | the original inhabitants of New Zealand |
| British Commonwealth of Nations | association of former British colonies-allies of Great Britain |
| Louis XVIII | restored to the French throne in 1815 by the Congress of Vienna |
| Charles X | King of France 1824 -compensation for nobles-issued the July Ordinances |
| Louis Philippe | cousin of Charles-took throne in 1830-"Citizen King"-favored the wealthy-overthrown in 1848 |
| Citizen King | title taken by Louis Philippe-king of all French citizens |
| Revolution of 1848 | Louis Philippe overthrown-established a Second French Republic |
| Second French Republic | established in 1848 by a new constitution-National Assembly & President-universal male suffrage |
| National Assembly | legislative body established under the Second French Republic |
| Universal Male Suffrage | all men over 21 years of age could vote |
| Louis Napoleon | nephew of napoleon Bonaparte-elected president of the Second French Republic-civil unrest |
| coup d'etat | seizure of the state - to take control of the government by force |
| Napoleon III | Louis Napoleon took this title as hereditary emperor of France with the consent of the people-restricted free press & certain civil liberties |
| Second French Empire | ended the Second French Republic-this would end after the Franco-Prussian War |
| Franco-Prussian War | France declared war on Russia-France was defeated in 6 weeks-helped Germany to unify |
| Treaty of Frankfort | Prussians place harsh terms on France-reparation and Alsace Lorraine |
| Commune of Paris | set up by the Socialists-this group reefused to recognize the National Assembly-declared war on the Church & those who owned property |
| Third French Republic | 1895-new constitution-bicameral legislation-president with little power-premier ran executive branch |
| Alfred Dreyfus | Jewish army officier convicted of treason-life on Devil's Island-pardoned later |
| Thomas Jefferson | U.S. President-purchased the Louisiana Territory for $15 million from France |
| Louisiana Purchase | all the land between Mississippi River and the Rocky Mts.-doubled the size of the U.S.-13 states-westward expansion |
| Mexican War | U.S. defeat Mexico 1848-gains 7 states in Southwest U.S. |
| Northwest Territory | disputed claim between U.S. and Britain-U.S. gained 5 states in the NW |
| Gadsden Purchase | 1853-completed the continental U.S. |
| sectionalism | political & economical interest of a region rather than the nation as a whole |
| Abraham Lincoln | U.S. President during the Civil War-fought to preserve the Union |
| secession | the right of states to withdraw from the Union |
| American Civil War | 1861-1865 costliest war in U.S.-won by the North(Union)lost by the South(Confederacy) |
| 13th Amendment | ended slavery in the U.S. |
| 14th Amendment | defined citizenship |
| 15th Amendment | right to vote could not be denied based on race |
| immigration | foreigners entering the U.S. - nearly doubled the population |
| Ellis Island | New York City-processing station for immigrants |
| Susan B. Anthony | fought for the right to vote for women in the U.S. |
| Elizabeth Cady Stanton | organized women's rights movement in the U.S. |
| 17th Amendment | direct election of U.S. Senators |
| 19th Amendment | right to vote could not be denied due to gender |
| Latin America | the Spanish speaking territory of South and Central American & Carribbean |
| Peninsulares | top of the social order-born in spain-appointed to run government & military |
| Creoles | colonoial born-white aristocracy-owned land and controlled business |
| Mestizos | Native American & European mix |
| Mullatoes | African american & European mix |
| Haiti | first territory to revolt-received its independence from France in 1804 |
| Miquel Hidalgo | Spanish priest-began a revolt in Mexico-executed in 1811 |
| Simor Bolivar | "The Liberator"-helped five nations win their independence from spain |
