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| Mediterranean Sea | a large, almost land-locked arm of the Atlantic Ocean touching Europe, Asia and Africa |
| Crete | a Greek island in the Mediterranean Sea, southeast of Greece |
| Rhodes | a Greek island, lying east of Crete in the Aegean Sea |
| Attica | a peninsula in east-central Greece on the Aegean Sea on which Athens was built |
| Peloponnesus | a mountainous peninsula in southern Greece between the lonian and Aegean sea |
| Phoenicia | an ancient seafaring civilization located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea |
| Athens | for many centuries the most powerful of all ancient Greek city-states. The capitol of present-day Greece |
| Sparta | the largest ancient Greek city-state located on the southern Peloponnesus |
| Mount Olympus | the highest moutain in Greece whre the ancient Greeks believed many of their gods and goddesses lived |
| Homer | ancient Greek poet |
| Acropolis | a hill in ancient Athens that became a religious center and meeting place; site of the Parthenon |
| Parthenon | a temple to the Goddess Athena, built in 447-432 BC on the Acropolis in Athens |
| Pericles | Athenian general who led Athens during the war with Sparta. He made sure that the poor and rich citizens could take part in government |
| Socrates | Greek philosopher who discussed laws, customs, values and religion with students; accused of urging people to revolt, he was sentenced to death |
| Plato | Greek philosopher and student of Socrates |
| Alexander the Great | King of Macedonia who conquered Greece, Persia, Egypt and the Indus Valley. His conquests spread Greek culture througout three continents |
| Aristotle | Greek philosopher who was the private teacher of Alexander the Great |
| Macedonia | an ancient Kindom ruled by Alexander the Great that conquered Greece and the Persian empire in the 300s B.C. |
| Alexandria | a city in Egypt founded circa 332 B.C. by Alexander the Great |
