| A | B |
|---|
| Walter Sutton | Published a paper which contained the chromosome theory of heredity |
| States that hereditary material (genes) are located on chromosomes | Chromosome Theory of Heredity |
| Nettie Stevens | Discovered the types of chromosomes |
| Autosomes | Are those pairs of chromosomes that have nothing directly to do with the sex of an organism |
| Sex Chromosomes | Is the one pair of chromosomes that determines the sex of an organism |
| XX | Female sex chromosome |
| XY | Male sex chromosome |
| XY System | Females are XX; males are XY |
| XO System | Females are XX; males are XO |
| ZW System | Females are WW; males are ZZ |
| The parent with the different sex chromosomes | How the sex of an organism are determined |
| Thomas Hunt Morgan | Worked with the fruit fly |
| Linked Genes | Genes that are found on the same chromosome and are usually inherited together |
| Linkage Groups | Made of linked genes |
| Sex-linked Genes | Genes found on the X or Y sex chromosome in humans |
| Hemophilia | Disorder in which the blood does not clot properly |
| Color Blindness | A disorder in which the organism can not distinguish certain colors |
| Muscular Dystrophy | A disorder that causes a progressive wasting away of skeletal muscle |
| Carrier | Is a heterozygous female who is not affected by the condition |
| Crossing Over | Is a process in which genes of homologus chromosomes exchange places during cell division |
| Genetic Recombination | Is the shuffling of genes into new combinations |
| Genetic Map | Shows the location of genes on a chromosome |
| Mutation | Is a spontaneous change in a gene or chromosome |
| Chromosomal Mutation | There is a change in the number or structure of chromosomes |
| Deletion | Involves the loss of part of a chromosome |
| Duplication | Involves a segment of a chromosome is repeated |
| Inversion | Involves a fragment of a chromosome which breaks free, turns completely around and reattaches it self to the same chromosome |
| Translocation | Involves a part of a chromosome which breaks off and attaches in another non-homologus chromosome |
| Nondisjunction | Is a process in which there is a failure of one or more pairs of chromosomes to seperate during cell division |
| Monosomy | A condition in which the zygote recieves one pair of chromosome instead of two |
| Turner Syndrome (XO Condition) | A disorder in which females are produced that are sterile and under developed |
| Trisomy | A condition in which the zygote recieves three chromosomes of a pair instead of two |
| Down Syndrome | A disorder in which the organism has an extra #21 chromosome |
| Klinefelter Syndrome (XXY Condition) | A disorder in which males are produced that are tall, under developed, and mental retardation |
| Polyploidy | Nondisjunction that involves more than one chromosomes pair to seperate during cell division |
| Polygenetic Traits | Are traits that are affected by several genes |
| Multiple Alleles | Three or more alleles of the same gene that code for a single trait |
| Huntington Disease | A conditon in which the nervous system becomes damaged and slowly affects body responses |
| Codominance | The heterozygous condition in an organism produces a phenotype that is different from he two other phenotype |
| Alfred Sturtevant | Was a colleague of Morgan and discovered an explination why linked genes were not always inherited together |
| Sickle Cell Anemia | A condition in which the organism red blood cells are abnormal sickle shaped, causing decrease in oxygen level to the cells |
| Sex- Influenced Trait | A trait that is caused by a gene whose expression differs in the male and the female |
| Alopecia Areata | Is loss of hair in certain areas of the head |
| Alopecia Totalis | Is the loss of hair across the entire top of the head |
| Sex- Limited Trait | A trait that is expressed n only one sex and is influenced by the hormones |
| Karyotype | Is a picture of the chromosomes arranged by size and are numbered |
| Amniocentesis | A test i which a long needle is inserted into the vagina and a small amount of amniotic fluid is removed |
| Chorionic Villi Biopsy | A sample of the cells of the developing organism is taken directly from the membrane surrounding the organism |
