| A | B |
|---|
| rhetorical devices | a method used in writing or speaking in which language is used to influence or persuade an audience |
| mood | the feeling or atmosphere that a writer creates for a reader; a reflection of an author's attitude toward a subject of theme |
| syntax | the way in which sentences are formed; the grammatical rules that govern their formation; the pattern or structure of word order in sentences, clauses, and phrases |
| credibility | the quality or state of offering reasonable grounds for being believed |
| appeal to authority | to call upon an individual or other source as an expert to give credence to an argument made by an author of a work |
| appeal to emotion | when a speaker or writer builds an argument using expressive language or other devices instead of presenting evidence, a fallacy in argument often refered to as "ad populum" (to the people) |
| appeal to reason | to call upon a reader's ability to think in a rational way in order to cause a change in his or her thoughts |
| explicit argument | fully or clearly expressed |
| implicit argument | to be assumed, but not directly expressed |
| transfer | a persuasive technique in which a product is associated with something attractive or respectable |
| glittering generalities | a propaganda technique in which words have different positive meanings for individual subjects, but are linked to highly valued concepts |
| bandwagon | a fallacy in which one is attracted to a popular party, faction, or cause that attracts growing support following the crowd, rather than using evidence to justify a conclusion |
| bias | an inclinationof temperament or outlook; a personal and sometimes unreasoned judgement |
| stereotyping | a standardizing mental picture that is held in common by members of a group and that represents an oversimplified opinion |
| propaganda | the spreading of ideas, information, or rumor for the purpose of helping or injuring an institution, a cause, or a person |
| cause-effect | an organizational structure in which there is a description of events and their causes or consequences; often a single cause will have more than one effect |
| chronological | an organizational structure in which events are placed in the order they occur in time |
| comparison-contrast | an organizational structure in which a description of similarities and differences among two or more things occur |
| problem-solution | an organizational structure that is similar to cause and effect except that outcomes are a result or solutionof a perceived need or problem |
| imperative sentence | a sentence that gives a command |
| declarative sentence | a sentence that makes a statement |
| exclamatory sentence | a sentence that makes a vehement statement or conveys strong or sudden emotion |
| interrogative sentence | a sentence that asks a question or makes an inquiry |
| primary source | first hand account |
| secondary source | a source that reports or analyzes information from another source |
| direct characterization | characteristics which are directly stated by author |
| indirect characterization | characteristics which the reader determines |
| dynamic character | a character who undergoes a change during the story |
| flat character | a character with only one outstanding trait or feature |
| static character | a character who does not change |
| round character | a character who is complex(real people) |
| setting | time and place of a literary work |
| point of view | perspective of the narrator/who is telling the story |
| omniscient point of view | the narrator is removed and knows everything |
| limited point of view | the narrator is removed and knows everything |
| first person narration | the main character is the narrator- "I" |
| third person narration | the narrator is outside the story- "He" |
| plot | sequence of events in a story |
| subplot | secondary action in a story |
| rising action | the action leading up to the climax |
| climax | a major turning point in the action |
| falling action | the action which takes place after the climax |
| resolution | the point in a literary work when the main conflict is resolved |
| external conflict | opposing forces between a character and an outside force that creates the action |
| internal conflict | opposing forces within a character that creates the action |
| theme | overall idea of a literary work |
| literal meaning | actual meaning of a word |
| figurative meaning | a symbolic meaning |
| symbol | a specific thing which represents a bigger idea |
| irony | differenve between reality and appearance |
| dramatic irony | words and actions are understood by the audience, but not by characters |
| verbal irony | contrast between what is said and what is really meant |
| situational irony | contrast between what is expected adn what actually occurs |
| literary element | componet of a piece of literature (characters, symbols, setting, irony, etc) |
| flashback | shifting to an earlier period |
| foreshadowing | giving clues to upcoming events |
| genre | category of literature |
| tone | attitude of the author |
| dialect | a form of language as it is spoken in a particular geographic area or by a particular social or ethnic group |
| dialogue | a conversation between two or more characters in a work |
| figurative language | language enriched by word images or figures of speech |
| metaphor | a figure of speech in which an implied comparison is made between two things |
| simile | a figure of speech in which an implied comparison is made between two things using the words "like" or "as" |
| personification | a figure of speech in which human qualities are attributed to animals, inanimate objects, or ideas |
| soliloquy | a speech, usually given alone on stage, in which a character speaks aloud his or her thoughts |
| monologue | an extended speech in a drama or a narrative that is presented by one character |
| imagery | words and phrases that create vivid sensory experiences for a reader |
