| A | B |
|---|
| gene mutation | a change in the sequence of nucleotides within a gene |
| point mutation | substitution in which only one pair of bases is replaced in a gene |
| base-pair substitution | a pair of nucleotides (a base pair) is replaced by another base pair |
| base pair | a pair of nucleotides |
| 30% of all mutations result in what? | no changes in proteins |
| what % of all mutations result in no changes in proteins? | 30% |
| what does point mutation cause? | the change in shape of the cells and leads to disease |
| deletion mutation | the loss of one or more bases from the DNA of the gene |
| addition mutation | one or more bases is added to the DNA of a gene |
| codons following mutation shift by how much? what happens as a result? | one base, the assemb;y of the amino acids is altered |
| frameshift mutations | addition or deletion mutations |
| mutagens | factors in the environment that cause mutation to occur. examples: xrays and unltraviolent radiation |
| base analogs | chemicals chemically similar to bases of DNA and may be incorporated into DNA molecules |
| cancer | uncontrolled cell reproduction |
| carciongens | cancer-causing mutagens |
| Ames Test | a test for possible carcinogens |
| oncogens | cancer-causing genes, mutated forms of normal genes whose functions involve regulation of cell division and differentiation |
