| A | B |
|---|
| Establishment clause | Says that the national government should not favor one religion over another |
| Free Exercise clause | Says that people are free to believe whatever they want |
| Nine | Number of justices on the Supreme Court |
| October | The Supreme Court opens its session on the first Monday in ____. |
| judicial restraint | believes in following the Constitution word for word |
| judicial activism | When the court acts like a lawmaker |
| broad construction | following the Constitution loosely |
| strict construction | interpreting the Constitution word for word |
| Scopes Trial | involved a teacher tried for teaching evolution in 1925 |
| Engel v. Vitale | ruled that public school prayer was unconstitutional in 1962 |
| Chicago 8 case | tried some people accused of disrupting the Democratic Convention in 1968 |
| assembly | having a march, meeting, or sit in |
| actual malice | must be proved by public officials claiming libel or slander |
| time, place, and manner | speech and assembly may be restricted on these grounds |
| clear and present danger principle | Can be a limit on free speech if it threatens national security |
| Sandra Day O'Connor | first woman Supreme Court justice |
| Miller v. California | defined what makes speech obscene |
| symbolic speech | wearing an armband or a peace symbol; burning a flag |
| Roe v. Wade | established a woman's right to an abortion in 1973 |
| President | appoints justices to the Supreme Court |
| stare decisis | deciding cases based upon past court decisions |
| writ of certiorari | this request can get a case to the Supreme Court |
| Article III | part of the Constitution that created the federal courts |
| Marbury v. Madison | created the power of judicial review |
| slander | a spoken lie that hurts one's reputation |
| libel | a written defamation of one's character |
| Schenck v. the U.S. | established the "clear and present danger principle." |
| Monday | decision day for the Supreme Court |
| Friday | conference day for the Supreme Court |
| majority | this is needed to make a decision on the Supreme Court |
| half hour | the usual length of an oral argument before the Supreme Court |
| quorum | Six justices are needed on the Supreme Court to have this |
| Chief Justice | the leader of the Supreme Court |
| Freedom of Information Act | allows people to gain access to what was discussed at public meetings |
