| A | B |
|---|
| What is a tax on goods or services made and sold inside the United States called? | an excise tax |
| What was the biggest problem with creating a National Bank? | the power to create it was not mentioned in the Constitution |
| What is the President's informal advisory group referred to? | cabinet |
| What issue began to develop political coalitions during Washington's first term? | Hamilton's financial programs(especially the bank) |
| Where was making it illegal to criticize the government or its officials and giving the President great authority in removing alien agitators in order to stop French influence in America included? | Alien and Sedition Acts |
| During whos presidency did the XYZ Affair take place? | John Adams |
| During the Early National Period, how did the U.S. handle foreign affairs? | they tried to stay neutral in European affairs |
| Alexander Hamilton believed the National Government should assume (pay for) the debts states had from the Revolutionary War. What region opposed it and why? | South; some southern states had already paid off their debt |
| In order to establish a strong economy, print paper money, and serve as a deposit for national revenue, Hamilton wanted to create what? | the National Bank |
| Hamilton believed that American industry should be protected from foreign competition. What did he want Congress to use? | protective tariff to make foreign goods cost more than American |
| What did the election of 1800 not show? | that the Federalists were the most powerful political group |
| What is Judicial Review? | the power of the courts to declare a law or act of government unconstitutional |
| What court case stated that the government institutions could not tax each other? | McCulloch vs Maryland |
| What was purchased from France for $15 million dollars? | Louisiana Purchase |
| Who was the most significant judge during the Early National Period? | John Marshall |
| What President is associated with the Louisiana Purchase? | Thomas Jefferson |
| Who was the Native American woman who served as a guide and interpreter during the Louis and Clark Expedition? | Sacajewea |
| What did the John Marshall court work to do? | strengthen the power of the national government |
| What Supreme Court case established the principle of Judicial Review? | Marbury vs Madison |
| What was the purpose of the Lewis and Clark expedition? | survey the Lousiana Purchase and to gather scientific evidence |
| How did the U.S. acquire Florida? | purchased it from Spain in the Adams-Onis Treaty |
| When the British were practicing impressment against American sailors, this was a problem associated with Britain during who's Presidency? | Tomas Jefferson |
| The U.S. would stay neutral in European affairs is part of what Doctrine? | Monroe Doctrine |
| What do some historians refer the War of 1812 to? | the Second War for Independence |
| What was the problem when Missouri wanted to enter the U.S. as a new state? | they wanted to enter as a slave state, which would upset the balance |
| What was Impressment? | when British sailors would force sailors on American vessels to join the British Navy |
| Who favored a weak central government and strong state governments? | Democratic-Republicans |
| Who wanted agricultureral to be the backbone of the nation, support the elimination of internal taxes and opposed the national bank for fear it would give special favors to the elite? | Democratic-Republicans |
| What party was founded by Thomas Jefferson and his supporters? | Democratic-Republicans |
| Who wanted to diversify the economy to make it more balanced, establish a national bank and use the debt as a cushion for investors in the American system? | Federalists |
| Who had faith in the common people, especially farmers and did not trust special privilege or business? | Democratic-Republicans |
| Who drew the strongest support from the South, West, and the frontier? | Democratic-Republicans |
| Who believed in a strong central government where the elected should be judged by the common voters based on their qualities and experience rather than political views? | Federalists |
| Who believed that the common people acted foolishly and the elite should govern with a conscience? | Federalists |
| Who believed in the strict construction of the Constitution? | Democratic-Republicans |
| What is the nullification theory? | the right of the state to refuse to abide by a National law that would not benefit that state |
| What came as a RESULT of the Indian Removal Act? | the relocation of Native Americans to the West |
| What became the focal point of the election of 1832, as Henry Clay opposed Jackson for the Presidency? | Jackson's veto of the National Bank |
| What election seemed to corrupt Jackson? | election of 1824 |
| The nullification theory is also referred to as the "States' Rights" theory. What region of the U.S. seemed to support that theory? | South |
| What effect on the economy of the nation did Jackson's actions against the Bank if the United States have? | it weakened it |
| What does the Panic of 1837 refer to? | the economic situation that resulted from speculation and bank failures |
| What is the Spoils System? | the practice of rewarding political "friends" with jobs |
| Since there was much greater sufferage in the election of 1828 than any other election, what did this mean? | more people could vote |
| What new political party was created by Jackson? | Democratic |
| What political party rose up AGAINST Jackson? | the Republicans |
| How did Jackson feel about the Bank of the United States? | he hated it and did all he could to destroy it |
| What new political party was created by Jackson? | Democrat |
| The nullification theory can be traced back to doctrines written by Jefferson and Madison. What were these documents? | the Virginia Resolution and the Kentucky Resolution |
| What effect did Andrew Jackson have on the office of the Presidency? | strengthened it |
| What effect did the invention of the Cotton Gin have on slavery? | it increased the level of slavery, as more slaves were now needed to harvest cotton |
| "King Cotton" was associated with what region of the U.S.? | the Deep South |
| What is the Manifest Destiny? | the belief that the United States' expansion to the Pacific Ocean was inevitable and righteous |
| What did the U.S. gain from the Mexican War? | access to more land, from New Mexico to California and establishment of the official boundary of Mexico and the U.S. |
| What was the primary purpose of roads, canals, and the railroads? | to transport products |
| What did the Texas War for independence eventually lead to? | the way for Texas to join the Union |
| How did the U.S. acquire Florida? | purchased it from Spain in the Adams-Onis Treaty |
| As a result of the War of 1812, were was the U.S. able to claim some land? | in Oregon Territory |
| What does the phrase "Fifty-four, forty or fight" refer to? | the Oregon Territory |
| What was the most significant factor encouraging settlers to move west? | the growth of railroads and canals |
| Many southern states felt that they had joined the Union freely, and should be allowed to leave. This would be their right to what? | secede |
| What seemed to be the biggest problem with states as they tried to enter the Union between 1820 and 1860? | the issue of slavery and upsetting the balance between slave and free states |
| What issue came to conflict as the U.S. expanded westward? | slavery in the new territories |
| How was the issue of slavery in the Kansas-Nebraska Act resolved? | provide for popular sovereignty in that territory |
| What is popular sovereignty? | allowing the people of a territory to vote to decide if they want slavery in their territory |
| What compromise allowed Missouri to enter as a slave state and allow Maine to enter as a free state? | Missouri Compromise of 1820 |
| What was the key difference in opinion of Douglas and Lincoln during their debates when they were running for Senate? | Douglas supported popular sovereignty in the territories, Lincoln opposed extension of slavery |
