| A | B |
|---|
| MUSCULAR TISSUES | ENABLES THE BODY AND ITS PARTS TO MOVE |
| MOVEMENT | CAUSED BY ABILITY OF MUSCLE CELLS (CALLED FIBERS) TO SHORTEN OR CONTRACT |
| MUSCLE CELLS ARE ALSO CALLED | FIBERS |
| MUSCLE CELLS | SHORTEN BY CONVERTING CHEMICAL ENERGY (OBTAINED BY FOOD) INTO MECHANICAL ENERGY WHICH CAUSES MOVEMENT |
| 3 TYPES OF MUSCLE TISSUE IN THE BODY | SKELETAL, CARDIAC, NONSTRIATED MUSCLE OR INVOLUNTARY MUSCLE |
| SKELETAL MUSCLE | ALSO CALLED STRIATED OR VOLUNTARY MUSCLE |
| CARDIAC MUSCLE TISSUE IN THE BODY | COMPOSES BULK OF HEART |
| CARDIAC MUSCLE CELLS | CHARACTERIZED BY UNIQUE DARK BANDS CALLED INTERCALATED DISKS |
| DARK BANDS THAT ALLOW HEART TO CONTRACT EFFICIENTLY AS A UNIT | INTERCALATED DISKS |
| NONSTRIATED OR INVOLUNTARY MUSCLE | SMOOTH OR VISCERAL MUSCLE |
| NONSTRIATED/INVOLUNTARY/SMOOTH/VISCERAL MUSCLE | SMOOTH, FOUND IN WALLS OF HOLLOW ORGANS |
| PARTS OF A SKETAL MUSCLE | ORIGIN, INSERTION, BODY |
| ORIGIN | ATTACHMENT TO THE BONE THAT REMAINS RELATIVELY STATIONARY OR FIXED |
| INSERTION | POINT OF ATTACHMENT TO THE BONE THAT MOVES WHEN A MUSCLE CONTRACTS |
| BODY | MAIN PART OF THE MUSCLE |
| TENDONS | STRONG CORDS OF FIBROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE THAT ATTACH MUSCLE TO BONE |
| TENDON SHEATHS | SYNOVIAL-LINED TUBES |
| BURSAE | SMALL SYNOVIAL-LINED SACS CONTAINING A SMALL AMOUNT OF SYNOVIAL FLUID, LOCATED BETWEEN SOME TENDONS AND UNDERLYING BONES |
| CONTRACTILE CELLS CALLED | FIBERS-GROUPED INTO BUNDLES |
| FIBERS CONTAIN | MILOFILAMENTS |
| THICK MYOFILAMENTS | CONTAINING THE PROTEIN MYOSIN |
| THIN MYOFILAMENTS | COMPOSED OF ACTIN |
| FUNCTIONS OF SKELTAL MUSCLE | MOVEMENT, POSTURE, HEAT PRODUCTION |
| GROUPS OF MUSCLES USUALLY CONTRACT TO PRODUCE A SINGLE MOVEMENT | PRIME MOVER, SYNERGIST, ANTAGONIST |
| PRIME MOVER | MUSCLE WHOSE CONTRACTION IS MAINLY RESPONSIBLE FOR PRODUCING A GIVEN MOVEMENT |
| SYNERGIST | MUSCLE WHOSE CONTRACTIONS HELP THE PRIME MOVER PRODUCE A GIVEN MOVEMENT |
| ANTAGONIST | MUSCLE WHOSE ACTIONS OPPOSE THE ACTION OF A PRIME MOVER IN ANY GIVEN MOVEMENT |
| POSTURE | A SPECIALIZED TYPE OF MUSCLE CONTRACTION CALLED TONIC CONTRACTION,ENABLES US TO MAINTAIN BODY POSITION |
| GOOD POSTURE | REDUCES STRAIN ON MUSCLES, TENDONS, LIGAMENTS, AND BONES |
| POOR POSTURE | CAUSES FATIGUE AND MAY LEAD TO DEFORMITY |
| FEVER | AN ELEVATED BODY TEMP-OFTEN SIGN OF ILLNESS |
| HYPOTHERMIA | A REDUCED BODY TEMP |
| CONTRACTION OF MUSCLE FIBERS | PRODUCES MOST OF THE HEAT REQUIRED TO MAINTAIN NORMAL BODY TEMP |
| FATIGUE | REDUCED STRENGTH OF MUSCLE CONTRACTION |
| FATIGUE | IS CAUSED BY REPEATED MUSCLE STIMULATION WITHOUT ADEQUATE PERIODS OF REST |
| LACTIC ACID | CONTRIBUTES TO MUSCLE SORENESS |
| STIMULATION OF A MUSCLE BY A NERVE IMPULSE | IS REQUIRED BEFORE A MUSCLE CAN SHORTEN AND PRODUCE MOVEMENT |
| A MOTOR NEURON | IS THE SPECIALIZED NERVE THAT TRANSMITS AN IMPULSE TO A MUSCLE, CAUSING CONTRACTION |
| A NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION | IS THE SPECIALIZED POINT OF CONTACT BETWEEN A NERVE ENDING AND THE MUSCLE FIBER IT INNERVATES |
| A MOTOR UNIT | IS THE COMBINATION OF A MOTOR NEURON WITH THE MUSCLE CELL OR CELLS IT INNERVATES |
| ONCE STIMULATED BY A THRESHOLD STIMULUS | A MUSCLE FIBER WILL CONTRACT COMPLETELY, A RESPONSE CALLED ALL OR NONE |
| TYPES OF SKELETAL MUSCLE CONTRATIONS | TWITCH AND TETANIC, ISOTONIC, ISOMETRIC |
| TETANIC CONTRACTIONS | ARE SUSTAINED AND STEADY MUSCULAR CONTRACTIONS] |
| EXERCISE | IF REGULAR & PROPERLY PRACTICED IMPROVES BODY FUNCTION |
| STRENGTH TRAINING | DOES NOT INCREASE THE NUMBER OF MUSCLE FIBERS |
| ENDURANCE TRAINING | ALLOWS MORE EFFICIENT DELIVERY OF OXYGEN AND NUTRIENTS TO A MUSCLE VIA INCREASED BLOOD FLOW |
| ORBICULARIS OCULI (H/N) | LETS YOU BLINK |
| ORBICULARIS ORIS (H/N) | LETS YOU PUCKER OR WHISTLE |
| MUSCLES OF MASTICATION (H/N) | MASSETER, TEMPORAL |
| STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID (H/N) | FLEXES HEAD |
| TRAPEZIUS (H/N) | ELEVATES SHOULDERS AND EXTENDS HEAD |
| MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE LOWER EXTREMITIES | PECTORALIS MAJOR, LATISSIMUS DORSI, DELTOID, BICEPS BRACHII, TRICEPS BRACHII |
| PECTORALIS MAJOR (U/E) | FLEXES UPPER ARM |
| LATISSIMUS DORSI (U/E) | EXTENDS UPPER ARM |
| BICEPS BRACHII (U/E) | FLEXES FOREARM |
| TRICEPS BRACHII (U/E) | EXTENDS FOREARM |
| MUSCLES OF THE TRUNK | ABDOMINAL MUSCLES AND RESPIRATORY MUSCLES |
| RECTUS ABDOMINIS | TRUNK / ABDOMINAL |
| EXTERNAL OBLIQUE | TRUNK / ABDOMINAL |
| INTERNAL OBLIQUE | TRUNK/ ABDOMINAL |
| TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS | TRUNK / ABDOMINAL |
| INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES | RESPIRATORY / TRUNK |
| DIAPHRAGM | RESPIRATORY / TRUNK |
| MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE LOWER EXTREMITIES | ILIOPSOAS, GLUTEUS MAXIMUS, ADDUCTOR MUSCLES, HAMSTRING MUSCLES, QUADRICEPS FEMORIS GROUP, TIBIALIS ANTERIOR, GASTROCNEMIUS, PERONEUS GROUP |
| ILIOPSOAS (L/E) | FLEXES THIGH |
| GLUTEUS MAXIMUS (L/E) | EXTENDS THIGH |
| ADDUCTOR MUSCLES (L/E) | ADDUCT THIGHS |
| HAMSTRING MUSCLES (L/E) | FLEX LOWER LEG |
| HAMSTRING MUSCLES INCLUDE | SEMIMEMBRANOSUS, SEMITENDINOSUS, BICEPS FEMORIS |
| QUADRICEPS FEMORIS GROUP (L/E) | EXTEND LOWER LEG |
| QUADRICEPS FEMORIS GROUP INCLUDE | RECTUS FEMORIS, VASTUS MUSCLES |
| TIBIALIS ANTERIOR (L/E) | DORSIFLEXES FOOT |
| GASTROCNEMIUS (L/E) | PLANTAR FLEXES FOOT |
| PERONEUS GROUP (L/E) | FLEX FOOT |
| FLEXION | MOVEMENT THAT DECREASES THE ANGLE BETWEEN TWO BONES AT THEIR JOINT, BENDING |
| EXTENSION | MOVEMENT THAT INCREASES THE ANGLE BETWEEN TWO BONES AT THEIR JOINT, STRAIGHTENING |
| ABDUCTION | MOVEMENT OF A PART AWAY FROM THE MIDLINE OF THE BODY |
| ADDUCTION | MOVEMENT OF A PART TOWARD THE MIDLINE OF THE BODY |
| ROTATION | MOVEMENT AROUND A LONGITUDINAL AXIS |
| SUPINATION | PALM TURNED TO THE ANTERIOR POSITION |
| PRONATION | PALM FACES POSTERIORLY |
| DORSIFLEXTION | FOOT MOVEMENT, ELEVATION OF THE DORSUM OR TOP OF THE FOOT |
| PLANTAR FLEXION | THE BOTTOM OF THE FOOT IS DIRECTED DOWNWARD |
