| A | B |
|---|
| Thomas Edison | inventor of incandescent light bulb |
| Bessemer Process | technique used to make steel from iron |
| Christopher Sholes | invented typewriter |
| Alexander G. Bell | inventor of the telephone |
| George Pullman | inventor of the sleeping car |
| Interstate Commerce Act | law granting congress authority to regulate railroad activity |
| Andrew Carnegie | steel magnate |
| vertical integration | process in which a company buys out its suppliers |
| horizontal integration | process in which companies producing similar products merge |
| monopoly | one company controls an entire industry |
| John D. Rockefeller | made money refining oil |
| holding company | corporation that bought out the stock of other companies |
| trust | one corporation formed by separate companies |
| Sherman Anti Trust Act | law forbid any thing that was "in restraint of trade" |
| Samuel Gompers | leader of the American Federation of Labor |
| American Federation of Labor | union still around today that unites skilled workers |
| Eugene V Debs | leader of American Railway Union |
| socialism | system based on govt. control of business and property |
| scab | replacement worker |
| Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) | Union of radicals and socialists |
| collective bargaining | negotiations between workers and mangagement to reach an agreement on wages , hours , etc. |
| arbitration | negotiations between workers and management through an impartial third party |
| Haymarket Riot | violence erupted outside McCormick Reaper Factory |
| Social Darwinism | concept that survival fo the fittest was true in the business world |
| philanthropy | action benefitting society (giving to charities) |
| Robber Barons | post civil war figures who made money by legal, but unethical means |
| gauge | width of the railroad track |
| laissez faire | term for lack of govt. interference in business |
| railroad | industry that instituted time zones. |
| Powderly and Stephens | led the Knights of Labor |
| Knights of Labor | union that allowed all people regardless of race, gender, or degree of skill |
| Big Bill Haywood | Iww Leader |
| Samuel Morse | inventor of telegraph and a code used to send messaages by telegraph |
| political machine | group that controlled a political party |
| graft | illegal use of political influence for personal gain |
| kickback | illegal payment of a portion of one's earnings to someone else |
| Tammany Hall | A powerful political machine in New York City |
| Tweed Ring | Group of corrupt politicians led by Boss William Marcy Tweed |
| Thomas Nast | Political cartoonist who ridiculed Boss Tweed |
| patronage | giving of govt jobs to supporters |
| civil service | the entire govt. administration |
| Pendleton Act | Act that implemented merit system in civil service hiring |
| Gilded Age | period between 1870's and 1890's where the nation appeared healthy and strong but faced corruption and a widening gap between the rich and the poor |
| Boss Tweed | leader of powerful NYC political machine |
| Homestead | site of Carnegie Steel strike; as a result no steel union was in effect for over 40 years |
| Frederick Winslow Taylor | used Scientific management to make factories more efficient |
| scientific management | studied factory production and eliminated wasted motion |
| Andrew Jackson | democrat who first used the donkey as the democratic symbol |
| donkey | symbol of the democratic party |
| elephant | symbol of the republican party |
| Wobblies | nickname for International Workes of the World |
| American Railway Union | union that allowed both skilled and unskilled workers ( engineers, conductor, firemen etc) |
| John & Washington Roebling | father and son duo who helped transportation by creating the first steel cable syspension bridge, the Brooklyn Bridge |
