| A | B |
|---|
| clergy | people, such as priests and bishops, ordained for religious services |
| icons | a representation or picture of a sacred Christian person, the picture or statue itself regarded as sacred |
| iconoclast | supporter of Emperor Leo III, who ordered all icons removed from churches because he believed the encouraged superstition and worship of idols |
| schism | a separation of the church in A.D. 1054 that created the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church in the East |
| mosaic | a kind of picture the Byzantine artists excelled at creating, made by setting small pieces of glass or tile into mortar |
| steppe | an immense semiarid grass-covered plain found in southeastern Europe and Siberia |
| Constantine | the Roman emperor that built Constantinople in 330 A.D. in the very strategic penninsula between Europe and Asia, the Black Sea and the Mediterraniean Sea |
| Justinian | the Emperor Who Never Sleeps, he ruled the Byzantine Empire at its height |
| Theodora | a supportive wife of Justinian and an active participant in government, she advocated that a wife had the right to own land equal to her wealth at betrothal |
| Cyril(St. Cyril) | a missionary who invented an alphabet for the Slavic languages in order to spread the Orthodox Christianity |
| Ottoman Turks | a group speaking the Turkic language, and from th area of Asia Minor who conquered the Byzantine empire in 1453 and converted the Hagia Sophia into a mosque |
| Ivan III | he married the niece of the last Byzantine emperor in A.D. 1472 and claimed the title tsar (caesar) and claimed himself Sovereign of All Russia(1st "Czar") |
| Constantinople | strategic city of the Byzantine Empire located on the penninsula between Europe and Asia, and the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, birthplace of the Eastern Orthodox religion |
| Asia Minor | the western penninsula of Asia, lying between the Black and Mediterranean Seas |
| Eastern Orthodox Christianity | branch of Christinaity that developed under the Byzantine Empire and later practiced in Eastern Europe |
| Cyrillic Alphabet | alphabet invented by Byzantine monks as they tried to convert slavs and others in Eastern Europe |
| Pope | leader og the Western(later Roman Catholic) church |
| Patriarch of Constantinople | leader of the Eastern Orthodox church |
| Excommunication | to be kicked out or removed from the church |
| Bosporus Strait | Narrow waterway connecting the Black Sea to the Sea of Marmara(Aegean Sea), location of Byzantine capital city |
| Hagia Sophia | Famous Byzantine church that was converted to a mosque by the Ottomans, it still stands in Istanbul today |
| Byzantium | Ancient name of Constantinople |
| Istanbul | modern name of Constantinople |
| Justinian Code | Set of laws compiled under the reign of the Byzantine Emperor Justinian, inlfuenced later European legal systems |
