| A | B |
|---|
| amylase | enzyme that breaks apart carbohydrates |
| bile | substance made by liver that emulsifies fat and neutralizes chyme |
| endocrine gland | one that makes hormones which are secreted directly into the blood (no ducts) |
| epiglottis | flap of skin covering throat to prevent food from entering trachea |
| esophagus | tube in which food moves from mouth to stomach by peristalsis |
| exocrine gland | gland that makes enzymes which are secreted through tubes |
| gallbladder | sits under the liver and stores bile |
| large intestine | digestive organ that makes feces, absorbs water |
| liver | largest organ in body that makes bile |
| mineral | inorganic nutrient needed for chemical reactions |
| pancreas | exocrine and endocrine organ that makes enzymes and hormones needed for digestion |
| parathyroid gland | gland that sits on side of throat and makes PTH to help regulate blood calcium levels |
| pepsin | enzyme made in gastric glands that breaks down protein |
| peristalsis | involuntary muscle contractions that move food through digestive system |
| rectum | found after large intestine and stores feces |
| small intestine | series of tubes where food is fully digested and nutrients reabsorbed |
| stomach | muscular sack that forms chyme by churning and through acid |
| target tissue | tissue that is affected by a hormone |
| thyroid gland | gland that sits on side of throat and regulates metabolic rate |
| villus | singular of villi - finger like projections on inside of small intestine that increase absorption surface area |
| vitamin | organic substances that regulate processes in body |
| salivary gland | glands in mouth that produce saliva which contains amylase |
| bolus | ball of food formed in mouth by tongue |
| cardiac sphincter muscle | muscle that regulates food movement from esophagus to stomach |
| chyme | food that has been acted upon by stomach juices and churning |
| pyloric sphincter muscle | muscle that regulates chyme movement from stomach to small intestine |
| bile duct | tube carrying bile and pancreatic products to small intestine |
| trypsin | enzyme made by pancrease that breaks apart protein |
| nuclease | enzyme made by small intestine and pancrease that breaks apart nucleic acids |
| lipase | enzyme made by pancreas that breaks apart lipids |
| sodium bicarbonate | substance made by pancreas that neutralizes chyme |
| duodenum | first part of small intestine that is most actively digesting and absorbing nutrients |
| peptidase | enzyme made by small intestine that finalizes protein breakdown |
| maltase | enzyme made by small intestine that finalizes carbohydrate breakdown |
| lacteal | vessel inside of villus into which fats are absorbed |
| cecum | AKA the appendix, function is to collect bacteria |
| ilium | end part of small intestine |
| jejunum | middle part of small intestine |
| ascending colon | first part of colon - goes upward |
| transverse colon | middle part of colon - goes sideways |
| descending colon | end part of colon - goes downward |
| anus | muscle that controls feces removal |
| gastrin | hormone that causes gastric glands to release pepsin |
| secretin | hormone made by small intestine that causes pancreas to relase its enzymes and the gastric glands to stop secreting pepsin |
| insulin | hormone made by pancreas that causes liver to store glucose as glycogen |
| glucagon | hormone made by pancreas that causes liver to break down glycogen and release glucose into bloodstream |
| diabetes | disease of pancreas that causes difficulty regulating blood glucose levels |
| calcitonin | hormone made in thyroid that causes bone to take calcium from blood |
| PTH | hormone made by parathyroid that causes bone to relase calcium into blood |
| E. coli | symbiotic bacteria that live in large intestine and consume cellulose, producing vitamins B and K for host |
