| A | B |
|---|
| life began on earth | over 3 billion years ago |
| reproduce | produce offspring of the same kind |
| the 4 conditions that allow living things to grow and reproduce | light, air, water and space |
| nutrients | materials needed by living things to grow |
| adaptation | anything that helps an organism survive |
| 3 parts of plants that work together to perform life functions | leaves, stems and roots |
| roots | structures that hold plants to the ground |
| photosynthesis | how green plants make food |
| respiration | how plants use oxygen to change food into energy |
| chlorophyll | chemical that makes plants green |
| stem | holds a plant up to get sunlight |
| Aristotle | Greek philosopher who developed a system for classifying plants |
| Carolus Linneus | a Sweedish scientist who developed a system for classifying plants based on their structure |
| vascular plants | water is moved to stems through tube-like structures |
| nonvascular plants | absorbs water through their surface tissues |
| examples of nonvascular plants | fern, moss and liverwart |
| botanist | scientist who studies plants |
| ethnobotanist | scientist who studies how people use plants |
| stamen | the male part of the flower |
| pollen | powdery material that holds male sex cells |
| petals | outer part that surrounds the inner part of the flower |
| sepals | outer part that surrounds and protects the bud before it opens |
| pollination | pollen grains moved from stamen onto the sticky part of the flower |
| fertilization | the joining of male sex cells and female sex cells |
| pistil | the female part that holds the ovary |
| seeds | the embryos of plants |
| fruit | an enlarged ovary |
| alteration of generation | characteristic of fern reproduction |
| sporophyte | plant that produces asexual spores |
| gametophyte | plant that produces by gamets (sexual reproduction) |
| 2 pipelines in plants | xylem and phloem |
| stomates | are breathing pores that allow air to enter and leave the leaf |
| carbon dioxide | gas plants breath |
| oxygen | gas plants breath out |
| root hairs | absorb water from the soil |
| xylem | tube that water enters through |
| phloem | carry food from the leaves down to the rest of the plant |
| veins | the network of xylem and phloem tubes |
| Indian Fever Bark | one of the 1st medicinal plants to reach Europe in the early 1500s |
| Ethnobotany | study of how people of a particular culture and region use indigenous (native) plants |
| Oasis Theory | states that domestication of plants and animals began when the climate became dryer the need for increasing security of food supply |
| Marginal Zone Theory | population increased and this meant there was a need for a larger food supply, therefore domestication of plants and animals were domesticated |
| 3 Consequences of Domestication | population increased, large settlements began, and social organization (people had special roles in their society) |
| Sporophyte | plant that produces asexual spores |
| Gametophyte | plant that produces gametes |
