| A | B |
|---|
| Rousseau | children are noble savages [Nature] |
| Darwin | even behaviors can be governed by genes [Nature] |
| John Locke | tabula rasa [Nurture] |
| Freud | Psychosexual theory 1) oral - year one, reduces anxiety 2)anal - 1-3 control of elimination, sense of accomplishment, control over their environment, anal retentive 3)phallic - 3-6 - self manipulation of genitals, attached to parent of the opposite sex 4) latency - 6-puberty nothing 5)genital - puberty focus on forming healthy heterosexual relationships |
| Erikson | Psychosocial theory 1)infancy - trust vs. mistrust 2)1-3 years independencies vs. shame and doubt 3) 3-5.5 years initiative vs. guilt 4) 5.5 - 12 years industry vs. inferiority 5) adolescence - identity vs. role confusion 6)early adulthood intimacy vs. isolation 7) middle adulthood generativity vs. stagnation 8) late adulthood ego integrity vs. despair |
| Skinner | emphasis on "the reward" or operant [behavioral learning theory] |
| Bandura | no reward, just observation; mimicking another person's behavior [social learning theory] |
| Piaget | Stage theory of discontinuous development 1) sensorimotor birth - 2yrs out of sight, out of mind 2) pre-operational 2-7yrs "operations" - figure something out 3)concrete operations 7-11yrs "math skills" 4)formal operation 11yrs - adulthood abstract reasoning [Cognitive Development] |
| Lorenz | ducks [ethological theorists] |
| Boulby | studied humans [ethological theorists] |
| Bronfenbrenner | influences - spheres of influence [ecological study] |
| Leo Vygotsky | zone of proximal development [sociocultural theory] |
| Rene Spitz | institutionalized babies developed a loss of attachment and displayed poor development |
| Harlow | surrogate monkeys |
| Conrad Lorenz | ducklings |
| John Boulby | human infant has a set of relationship seeking behavior [learned through watching infants] |
| Attachment | A) infants are predisposed to form attachments B) facilitate attachment C) attachment is not present at birth D) proximity seeking E) individual differences exist F)makes or breaks the quality of future relationships |
| Mary Amesworth | strange situation procedure [20 minute tape] study of parent-child relationships |
| Period of Zygote | first 2 weeks; uterine wall; blastocyst; amnion, chorion, yolksac, placenta, umbilical cord |
| Period of Embryo | 2-8 weeks; basic skeleton, brain and spinal cord, heart, muscles, ; at four weeks the heart starts to beat, gut |
| Period of Fetus | 9-40 weeks; growth and maturation; swallow and suck |
| APGAR | appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, respiration |
