| A | B |
|---|
| reservations | areas where Indians were forced to live |
| transcontinental railroad | increased migration to the West |
| This caused conflict between settlers and Indians | Indian rights guaranteed by treaties were ignored |
| Chief Joseph of the Nez Perce | "I will fight no more forever" |
| Battle of Little Bighorn resulted from this | discovery of gold in the Black Hills |
| buffalo | provided food, clothing, and shelter for Plains Indians |
| Helen Hunt Jackson | wrote "A Century of Dishonor" |
| environment must always be protected | belief of the Plains Indians |
| Reason why Native Americans opposed western settlement | Settlers forced Native Americans to leave their homes |
| Ended the "open range" cattle industry | Many cattle were killed during the harsh winter |
| National Grange | Demanded that the government help with falling farm prices and high railroad prices |
| Chivington Massacre | U.S.troops attacked a peaceful Cheyenne village and killed more than 100 people |
| Homestead Act | Promised 160 acres of land on the Great Plains to anyone who would farm the land for 5 years |
| Comstock Lode | One of the largest gold and silver deposits |
| jerky | dried and preserved meat |
| cooperative | farmers pool their money together to buy seeds and other supplies at wholesale prices |
| Fort Laramie Treaty | agreement signed in 1851 in which Native Americans agreed to stay within a limited area which would be theirs forever |
| Exodusters | African-Americans who left the South to become farmers on the Great Plains |
| Little Big Horn | battle in which Crazy Horse defeated Colonel George Custer and his troops |
| vaqueros | American cowboys learned to herd cattle and use the lariat from these Mexican cowboys |
| transcontinental railroad | built by Union Pacific and Central Pacific |
| Irish and Chinese immigrants | worked long hours on the railroad for low pay |
| "A Century of Dishonor" | Book which asked Americans to stop cheating and lying to Indians |
| scarce or very little rainfall | characteristic of the Great Plains |
| caused conflict between settlers and Indians in the 1860's | gold miners seized Indian lands in Colorado |
| transcontinental railroad was connected here | Promontory Point |
| Chisolm Trail | used by cowboys to drive cattle between Texas and Kansas |
| main reason why Indians were placed on reservations | to allow settlers to take Indian lands |
| cattle grazing area that stretched from Kansas to Montana | Cattle Kingdom |
| lightweight steel plow | helped sodbusters break through the thick soil of the Great Plains |
