| A | B |
|---|
| artisan | a craftsperson |
| peasant | a person who does farmwork for wealthy landowners |
| papyrus | a tough water plant used to make paper and rope in ancient times |
| pharaoh | an ancient Egyptian ruler |
| pyramid | a huge, triangular shaped monument of ancient Egypt built around a tomb |
| sarcophagus | a large stone coffin |
| vizier | a high-ranking government official |
| alliance | an agreement between nations to work together for common interests |
| embalm | to treat a dead body with preservatives to prevent it from decaying |
| silt | rich soil |
| hieroglyph | a symbol used in hieroglyphics, a system of writing developed in about 3000 B.C.E. |
| census | an official count of the population or number of people living in an area |
| famine | a severe shortage of food |
| archer | a person who shoots with a bow and arrow |
| dynasty | a family or group that rules for several generations |
| kandake | a powerful female leader who co-rules Kush with her husband and sons |
| treaty | a written agreement by which two or more states agree to be peaceful |
| covenant | an agreement or promise |
| topography | the surface features of a place or region, such as mountains or deserts |
| vegetation | the plants of a place or region |
| delta | an area of sediment deposited at the mouth of a river |
| fertilization | the process of adding fertilizer, or plant food, to soil |
| nomad | a person who moves from place to place with no permanent home |
| descendant | a daughter or son, granddaughter or grandson, and so on |
| sacrifice | a gift of an animal for slaughter as a way to honor gods |
| prophet | a person who speaks or interprets for God to other people |
| plague | a terrible disaster affecting many people and thought to be sent by God as a punishment |
| Exodus | the departure of the Hebrews from Egypt |
| Ten Commandments | the ten laws said to be given to Moses by God |
| Sabbath | the seventh day of the week to be used for rest and worship, according to one of the Ten Commandments |
| Ark of the Covenant | the chest containing the Ten Commandments, written on stone tablets, that the Hebrews carried with them during their wanderings after their flight from Egypt |
| monotheism | the belief that there is only one god |
| rabbi | a religious teacher who studies and teaches others about Jewish law |
| Talmud | the collection of ancient Jewish writings that interpret the law of the Torah |
| execute | to kill |
| gentile | non-Jewish |
| synagogue | a place of Jewish worship |
