| A | B |
|---|
| Energy | the ability to do work,Living things depend on energy, Without the ability to obtain and use energy, life would cease to exist |
| Autotroph: | organisms that can make their own food, Examples: plants, some protists |
| Heterotroph: | organisms that cannot make their own food, Examples: animals, fungi |
| Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP): | principal chemical compound that living things use to store energy |
| Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP): | has 2 phosphate groups, and can be converted into ATP by adding another phosphate |
| Energy is released when | ATP is converted into ADP and a phosphate group |
| Using Biochemical Energy From ATP | Can be used for:Active Transport,Movement in a cell |
| 1640’s - Jan van Helmont | Mass gained by plant came from water |
| 1770’s – Joseph Priestley | Plant produced substance required for burning = oxygen |
| 1770’s – Jan Ingenhousz | Produced gas (oxygen) when the plant was exposed to light |
| Photosynthesis Equation | 6 CO2 + 12 H2O-->light-->C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + (6 H2O) |
| Photosynthesis requires | light and chlorophyll, a molecule in chloroplasts. |
| Pigment | Light absorbing molecules used by plants to gather the sun’s energy |
| Chlorophyll – | main pigment used by plants,Green in color, Stored in chloroplasts, Two types – chlorophyll a and b |
| Absorption – | “taking in”, Black – absorption of all visible wavelengths |
| Reflection – | “bouncing off”, White – reflection of all visible wavelengths |
| Thylakoid: | saclike photosynthetic membranes where light dependent reactions take |
| grana (granum) | Stacks of thylakoids |
| Stroma: | region outside thylakoid membranes where Calvin Cycle (dark reaction) takes place |
| NADPH | Sunlight excites electrons in the chlorophyll and they gain a lot of energy, These high energy electrons need a special carrier, One of these carriers is NADP+ |
| NADP+: | accepts and holds 2 high-energy electrons along with a hydrogen (H+) ion, This changes NADP+ into NADPH |
| Light Dependent Reaction | Requires light, use light energy , to produce ATP, NADPH, and Oxygen gas, Water (H2O) is split (hydrolysis) into: Oxygen (O2) which is released into the air, 2 Hydrogen ions (H+), this converts NADP+ into NADPH |
| ATP Synthase: | protein (enzyme) that allows H+ ions to pass through; binds a phosphate group to ADP to produce ATP |
| Calvin Cycle | Also known as the dark reaction or light independent reaction, uses ATP and NADPH from the light dependent reactions to produce high energy sugars |
| Calvin Cycle uses | 6 molecules of CO2 to make a 6 carbon sugar (glucose: C6H12O6) |
| Factors Effecting Photosynthesis | Water Availability, Temperature (enzymes are sensitive totemperature) , Light Intensity |
