With the ratification of the 14th Amendment all persons of African descent that were born in the United States were granted instant citizenship if the child's parents owed any allegiance to a foreign country.

Native Americans who were not eligible for birthright citizenship because they owed their allegiance to their tribe.

Native Americans became citizens of the United States on June 2, 1924, when the "Indian Citizenship Act" was passed by Congress, granting citizenship to all Native Americans born within the U.S.

Other groups with questionable loyalty that were denied citizenship included the sons and daughters born to the to foreign diplomats, foreign students, visitors and the children of illegal aliens.