1. The planet "Earth" is a proper noun when it is being used as the planet's name and SHOULD be capitalized UNLESS the word "the" comes right before it (putting "the" in front turns it into a common noun like "the surface." 2. When other planets are mentioned, we DO capitalize earth even if it is preceded by "the." 3. When it is being referred to as dirt, it is a common noun and should NOT be capitalized. 4. When the planet is being used within an idiom like "What on earth are you saying?" or "Come down to earth," it does NOT get capitalized.
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