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APESExamReflection2015
Please rate each of these items on a scale from 1 to 5 with 5 = most prepared to answer a question on this topic vs. 1=least prepared to answer
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- Earth Science Concepts
(Geologic time scale; plate tectonics, earthquakes, volcanism; seasons;solar intensity and latitude)
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- The Atmosphere
(Composition; structure; weather and climate; atmospheric circulation and the Coriolis Effect; atmosphere–ocean interactions; ENSO)
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- Global Water Resources and Use
(Freshwater/saltwater; ocean circulation; agricultural, industrial, and domestic use; surface and groundwater issues; global problems; conservation)
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- Soil and Soil Dynamics
(Rock cycle; formation; composition; physical and chemical properties; main
soil types; erosion and other soil problems; soil conservation)
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- Ecosystem Structure
(Biological populations and communities; ecological niches; interactions among species; keystone species; species diversity and edge effects; major terrestrial and aquatic biomes)
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- Energy Flow
(Photosynthesis and cellular respiration; food webs and trophic levels; ecological pyramids)
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- Ecosystem Diversity
(Biodiversity; natural selection; evolution; ecosystem services)
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- Natural Ecosystem Change
(Climate shifts; species movement; ecological succession)
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- Natural Biogeochemical Cycles
(Carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, water, conservation of matter)
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- Population Biology Concepts
(Population ecology; carrying capacity; reproductive strategies; survivorship)
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- Human population dynamics
(Historical population sizes; distribution; fertility rates; growth rates and doubling times; demographic transition; age-structure diagrams)
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- Population size
(Strategies for sustainability; case studies; national policies)
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- Impacts of population growth
(Hunger; disease; economic effects; resource use; habitat destruction)
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- Agriculture: Feeding a growing population
(Human nutritional requirements; types of agriculture; Green Revolution;genetic engineering and crop production; deforestation; irrigation;sustainable agriculture)
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- Controlling pests
(Types of pesticides; costs and benefits of pesticide use; integrated pest management; relevant laws)
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- Forestry
(Tree plantations; old growth forests; forest fires; forest management; national forests)
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- Rangelands
(Overgrazing; deforestation; desertification; rangeland management; federal rangelands)
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- Urban land development
(Planned development; suburban sprawl; urbanization)
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- Transportation infrastructure
(Federal highway system; canals and channels; roadless areas; ecosystem
impacts)
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- Public and federal lands
(Management; wilderness areas; national parks; wildlife refuges; forests;wetlands)
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- Land conservation options
(Preservation; remediation; mitigation; restoration)
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- Sustainable land-use strategies
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- Mining
(Mineral formation; extraction; global reserves; relevant laws and treaties)
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- Fishing
(Fishing techniques; overfishing; aquaculture; relevant laws and treaties)
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- Global Economics
(Globalization; World Bank; Tragedy of the Commons; relevant laws and treaties)
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- Energy Concepts
(Energy forms; power; units; conversions; Laws of Thermodynamics)
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- Energy Consumption
History (Industrial Revolution; exponential growth; energy crisis)
Present global energy use
Future energy needs
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- Fossil Fuel Resources and Use
(Formation of coal, oil, and natural gas; extraction/purification methods;world reserves and global demand; synfuels; environmental advantages/ isadvantages of sources)
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- Nuclear Energy
(Nuclear fission process; nuclear fuel; electricity production; nuclear reactor types; environmental advantages/disadvantages; safety issues; radiation and human health; radioactive wastes; nuclear fusion)
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- Hydroelectric Power
(Dams; flood control; salmon; silting; other impacts)
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- FEnergy Conservation
(Energy efficiency; CAFE standards; hybrid electric vehicles; mass transit)
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- Renewable Energy
(Solar energy; solar electricity; hydrogen fuel cells; biomass; wind energy;small-scale hydroelectric; ocean waves and tidal energy; geothermal;environmental advantages/disadvantages)
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- Air pollution
(Sources—primary and secondary; major air pollutants; measurementunits; smog; acid deposition—causes and effects; heat islands and temperature inversions; indoor air pollution; remediation and reductionstrategies; Clean Air Act and other relevant laws)
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- Noise pollution
(Sources; effects; control measures)
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- Water pollution
(Types; sources, causes, and effects; cultural eutrophication; groundwater
pollution; maintaining water quality; water purification; sewage
treatment/septic systems; Clean Water Act and other relevant laws)
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- Solid waste
(Types; disposal; reduction)
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- Impacts on the Environment and Human Health
Hazards to human health
(Environmental risk analysis; acute and chronic effects; dose-responserelationships; air pollutants; smoking and other risks)
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- Hazardous chemicals in the environment
(Types of hazardous waste; treatment/disposal of hazardous waste; cleanup of contaminated sites; biomagnification; relevant laws)
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- Economic Impacts (Cost-benefit analysis; externalities; marginal costs; sustainability)
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- Stratospheric Ozone
(Formation of stratospheric ozone; ultraviolet radiation; causes of ozone depletion; effects of ozone depletion; strategies for reducing ozone depletion; relevant laws and treaties)
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- Global Warming
(Greenhouse gases and the greenhouse effect; impacts and consequences of global warming; reducing climate change; relevant laws and treaties)
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- C. Loss of Biodiversity
Habitat loss; overuse; pollution; introduced species; endangered and extinct species; Maintenance through conservation; Relevant laws and treaties
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