| A | B |
|---|
| cell | the basic unit of structure and function of all living things |
| microscope | an instrument that makes small objects larger |
| cell theory | a widely accepted explanation of the relationship between cells and all living things |
| organelle | a tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell |
| cell wall | a rigid layer of nonliving material that surounds the cells of plants and some other organisms |
| cell membrane | a cell structure that controls which materials go into or out of the cell |
| nucleus | a cell structure that contains nucleic acids, the chemical instruction's that direct all the cell's activities |
| cytoplasm | the region between the cell membrane and the nucleus; in organisms without a nucleus, the region located inside the cell membrane |
| mitochondria | rod-shaped cell structures that convert energy in food molecules to energy that the cell can use to carry out its functions |
| endoplasmic reticulum | a cell structure that forms a maze of passageways in which the proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another |
| ribosome | a small grain-like structure in the cytoplasm of the cell where proteins are made |
| Golgi body | a structure in the cell that receives proteins and other newly formed materials from teh endoplasmic reticulum, packages them, and distributes them to other parts of teh cell |
| chloroplast | a structure in the cells of plants and some other organisms that captures energy from sunlight and uses it to produce food |
| vacuole | a sac inside a cell that acts as a storage area |
| lysosome | a small, round cell structure containing chemicals that break down large food particles into smaller ones |
| element | any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances |
| compound | two or more elements that are chemically combined |
| carbohydrate | energy-rich organic compound, such as a sugar or a starch, that is made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
| protein | large organic molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes sulfur |
| amino acid | a small molecule that is linked chemically to other amino acids to form proteins |
| enzyme | a type of protein that speeds up chemical reactions in living things |
| lipid | energy-rich organic compound, such as a fat, oil, or wax, that is made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
| nucleic acid | very large organic molecule made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus, that contains the instructions cells need to carry out all the functions of life |
| DNA | the genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring |
| RNA | a nucleic acid that plays an important role in the production of proteins |
| selectively permeable | a property of a cell membrane that allows some substances to pass through, while others cannot |
| diffusion | the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
| osmosis | the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane |
| passive transport | the movement of materials through a cell membrane without using energy |
| active transport | the movement of materials through a cell membrane using cellular energy |
