| A | B |
|---|
| boom | A time of fast economic growth |
| bust | A time of quick economic decline |
| homesteader | Person living on land granted by the government |
| long drive | A trip made by ranchers to lead cattle to market or to railroads |
| open range | Land on which animals can graze freely |
| refinery | A factory in which materials, especially fuels, are cleaned and made into usable products |
| reservation | An area of land set aside by the government for use only by Native Americans |
| manifest destiny | Belief that the U.S. had a divine mission to expand |
| Homestead Act | Gave up to 160 acres of land if farmed for five years (or could buy after 6 months) |
| westward expansion groups | prospectors, ranchers, homesteaders. Native Americans |
| reasons for westward expansion | Opportunity for land, technology, possibility for wealth, adventure, new beginning for former slaves |
| barbed wire, steel plow | technological advances that helped homesteaders |
| dry farming, Russian wheat, windmill | technological advances that made up for the lack of water |
| sod house | technological advance that made up for lack of trees |
| Indian Removal Act | Act, passed by Congress in 1830, provided for the resettlement of Native Americans |
| Andrew Jackson | U.S. President who signed the Indian Removal Act into law |
| Custer's Last Stand | Better known name of the Battle of Little Bighorn |
| Lt. Colonel George Armstrong Custer | Led the U.S. 7th Cavalry at the Battle of Little Bighorn |
| Wounded Knee | Last battle of the Indian Wars |
| Chief Joseph | Nez Perce chief who surrendered saying, “I shall fight no more forever." |
