| A | B |
|---|
| cell wall | provides protection and support for plant cells -(non-living - made of cellulose) |
| cell membrane | controls the movement of materials into and out of the cell |
| nucleus | the control center of the cell - chromosomes are located here |
| nuclear membrane | in EUKARYOTIC CELLS, it surrounds the nucleus and separates it from the rest of the cell - controls movement of materials into and out of the nucleus |
| nucleolus | storage area in the nucleus for RNA and proteins- new ribosomes are made here and then they leave the nucleolus and the nucleus and go to the ER or to new clusters in the cytoplasm |
| cytoplasm | jelly-like - mostly made of water - contains proteins,(many are enzymes) and certain salts - fills up the cell outside the nucleus and holds the many organelles in place |
| vacuole | acts as a storage tank - contains water and dissolved minerals |
| chloroplast | contains CHLOROPHYLL - "food" for the plant is made here in the process of PHOTOSYNTHESIS - the "food" is the simple sugar called "GLUCOSE" |
| endoplasmic reticulum | a series of passageways that act like a highway system so materials can move throughout the cell - referred to as "ER" - can be "smooth"(NO ribosomes attached to it) or "rough"(WITH ribosomes attached) |
| mitochondria(plural) mitochondion(singular) | "powerhouses" - stores and releases energy in the cell in the form of ATP - this energy is the result of the chemical reaction between digested food molecules and oxygen...the process is called "CELLULAR RESPIRATION" |
| ribosome | where new proteins are made for the cell |
| lysosome | contains "enzymes" that help to break down large food molecules,wastes,old cell parts, and foreign invaders |
| chromosome | made of DNA and proteins- directs the activities of the cell and passes on the traits of the cell to new cells |
| centrosome | a region of the cytoplasm near the nucleus in ANIMAL CELLS that holds the "centrioles", structures used during the process of cell division. |
| centrioles | a pair of cell organelles that lie perpendicular to each other and that function during the time when a cell is dividing. They produce structures called "SPINDLE FIBERS"...chromosomes are attached to these fibers during cell division in animal cells. |
| vesicle | a MEMBRANE COVERED COMPARTMENT in a eukaryotic cell that can form when part of the cell membrane surrounds an object and then pinches off, or when part of the membrane from the ER or the Golgi complex pinches off. |
| cytosol | the gel-like fluid of the cytoplasm...mostly made of water and proteins. |
| cytoskeleton | term used to describe an internal "scaffold" or "skeleton"in the cytoplasm of the cell. It is made of protein fibers and "microtubules", and it provides SHAPE, SUPPORT, and STRENGTH for the cell... also anchors the organelles and helps the cell to move. |
| semi-permeable | a term used to describe a membrane and its ability to allow only certain things to enter or to leave. |
