| A | B |
|---|
| geography | the study of the earth, its effects on humans, and our effects on it |
| environments | a particular place including all the living and nonliving things found there |
| largest landforms | continents |
| smallest landforms | islands |
| percent of Earth covered by land | 30% |
| examples of landforms | mountains, valleys, plains |
| percent of Earth covered by water | 70% |
| bodies of water | oceans, seas, gulfs, bays, rivers, streams, lakes, ponds |
| vegetation | the natural plant life in a region |
| climate | weather patterns an area has over a long time |
| precipitation | rain, snow, sleet, hail |
| factors determining climate | precipitation, temperature, latitude, altitude, ocean currents |
| latitude | distance north or south of the equator |
| low latitudes | tropical climate |
| middle latitudes | temperate climates |
| high latitudes | polar climates |
| altitude | height above sea level (higher = colder) |
| currents | like rivers flowing through the ocean carrying warm water from the equator, and cold water to the equator |
| world food supply depends on | climate |
| natural resources | anything that is useful to people (water, air, soil, sunlight, plants, animals) |
| minerals | pure substances that are created in nature and reached by mining or digging into Earth |
| 2 types of minerals | metals and nonmetals |
| metals | usually hard and shiny like gold or copper |
| nonmetals | salt or fossil fuels |
| renewable resource | resources that can be replaced quickly (sunlight, wind, water) |
| nonrenewable resources | resource that can't be replaced - either ever - or in a long time |
