| A | B |
|---|
| photosynthesis | the process by which light energy is converted to chemical energy |
| autotrophs | organisms that use energy from sunlight or inorganic substances to make organic compounds |
| heterotrophs | organisms that get energy by consuming food |
| cellular respiration | the process by which cells harvest energy from cells |
| pigment | a substance that absorbs light |
| chlorophyll | the primary pigment involved in photosynthesis |
| carotenoids | absorb wavelengths of light different from those absorbed by chlorophyll |
| electron transport chain | the series of molecules down which excited electrons are passed in a thylakoid membrane |
| carbon dioxide fixation | the transfer of carbon dioxide to organic compounds |
| Calvin cycle | a series of enzyme-assisted chemical reactions that produces a three-carbon sugar molecule |
| aerobic | a process that requires oxygen |
| anaerobic | a process that does not require oxygen |
| glycolysis | the process by which glucose is broken down to pyruvate |
| Krebs cycle | a series of enzyme-assisted chemical reactions following glycolysis that produces carbon dioxide |
| fermentation | recycling of NAD+ under anaerobic conditions; produces alcohol or lactic acid |
| thylakoids | disk-shaped structures inside chloroplasts |
| adensine triphosphate | ATP; the energy currency of the cell |
| grana | stacks of thylakoids found in the chloroplasts |
| light reaction | light energy converted to chemical energy in the presence of light |
| dark reaction | yields glucose and carbon dioxide; does not require light |
