| A | B |
|---|
| Chromosome | Coiled up DNA that contains genes |
| Histone | A protein that DNA winds around |
| Chromatid | Each half of a chromosome |
| Centromere | The point on a chromosome that attaches the two halves |
| Chromatin | Loose DNA |
| Sex Chromosome | Chromosomes that determine the sex of the organism and contain other genes |
| Autosome | All chromosomes except the sex chromosomes |
| Homologous Chromosomes | Chromosomes that are the same size, shape, and have the same genes |
| Karyotype | A picture of an organisms chromosomes |
| Diploid | Cells that have two sets of chromosomes |
| Haploid | Cells that have one set of chromosomes (sex cells) |
| Binary Fission | Division of prokaryotes that make clones of themselves |
| Mitosis | Division of cells that makes 2 identical new ones |
| Asexual Reproduction | Where one parent cell makes two identical daughter cells |
| Meiosis | Double division to make haploid sex cells with 1/2 chromosome # |
| Gamete | Sex cells like sperm and egg |
| Interphase | The time between divisions when the cell is growing and copying DNA |
| Cytokinesis | Division of the cytoplasm |
| Prophase | 1st phase of mitosis where you see chromosomes and centrioles and no nucleus |
| Spindle fibers | Made of microtubules, they aid in separating the chromosomes |
| Metaphase | 2nd phase of mitosis where chromosomes line up at equator in single file |
| Anaphase | 3rd phase of mitosis where sister chromatids separate and move to each pole |
| Telophase | Last phase of mitosis where chromosome at the poles and nucleus begins to reappear |
| Cell Plate | Vesicles that form in plants during cytokinesis that eventually become the new cell walls |
| Cleavage Furrow | Where cell membrane pinches in during cytokinesis in animal cells |
| Synapsis | When homologous chromosomes pair up during meiosis (only!) |
| Tetrad | What each pair of homologous chromosomes are called. |
| Crossing-Over | A process where genetic information is swapped between homologous chromosomes during meiosis (only!) |
| Genetic recombination | Where a mixture of genetic material is created. |
| Independent assortment | The random separation of the homologous chromosomes. |
| Spermatogenesis | The making of sperm cells during meiosis. |
| Oogenesis | The making of an ovum during meiosis. |
| Polar body | Only one ovum is made in oogenesis, the other 3 products become these and are absorbed by the body. |
| Sexual reproduction | The production of genetically varied offspring by 2 genetically different parents by fusion of their sex cells. |
