| A | B |
|---|
| evolution | the development of new types of organisms from preexisting ones over time |
| natural selection | where some individuals are better adapted, so they survive, reproduce and pass their genes on |
| adaptation | a trait that makes an organism more successful than others |
| fitness | the measurement of an organism's hereditary contribution to the next generation |
| fossil | remains of an organism that died long ago |
| biogeography | the study of the locations of organisms around the world |
| homologous structure | structures that occur in different species, but originated from a common ancestor |
| analogous structure | structures that have closely related functions, but did not originate from a common ancestor |
| vestigial structure | structures that serve no function, but resemble structures in related organisms |
| phylogeny | relationships by ancestry among organisms |
| convergent evolution | the process where different species evolve similar traits |
| divergent evolution | the process where descendants of a common ancestor diversify and become more different |
| adaptive radiation | an evolutionary pattern where many species come from one ancestral species |
| artificial selection | where a human breeder chooses individuals to parent the next generation |
| coevolution | when two or more species evolve adaptations to each other's influence |
