| A | B |
|---|
| nucleotide | a monomer of a nucleic acid that contains a sugar, phosphate, and a base |
| deoxyribose | sugar in DNA |
| nitrogenous base | a base in a nucleotide (ATGCU) |
| purine | double ring bases (AG) |
| pyrimidine | single ring bases (TC) |
| base-pairing rules | In DNA A with T and G with C always |
| complementary base pairing | base pairs that follow the rules, ex. A with T |
| DNA replication | copying DNA before a cell divides |
| helicase | an enzyme that "unzips" DNA by breaking H bonds |
| replication fork | Y-shaped region where the DNA separatees |
| DNA polymerase | enzymes that make new DNA strands during replication by adding bases |
| semi-conservative replication | after replication, each strand is now made of one old and one new strand |
| mutation | a change in the nucleotide sequence, can be good, bad, or neutral |
| ribonucleic acid | RNA |
| transcription | Copying DNA's code into mRNA |
| translation | copying mRNA code into a protein |
| protein synthesis | DNA's code carried by RNA to make a protein at the ribosome |
| ribose | RNA's sugar |
| messenger RNA (mRNA) | carries DNA's "message" to the ribosome |
| ribosomal RNA (rRNA) | makes up part of the ribosome |
| transfer RNA (tRNA) | carries amino acids to the ribosome to make a protein |
| RNA polymerase | enzyme that makes RNA |
| termination signal | a set of 3 bases that ends protein synthesis |
| genetic code | sequence of bases that code for a protein |
| codon | 3 bases on mRNA that codes for an amino acid |
| anticodon | sequence of three bases on tRNA that matches to the mRNA |
| genome | the complete gene sequence of an organism |
