| A | B |
|---|
| a segment of DNA that is located in a chromosome and that codes for a specific hereditary unit | gene |
| deoxyribonucleic acid, the material that contains the information that determines inherited characteristics | DNA |
| in a nucleic acid chain, a subunit that consists of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base | nucleotide |
| a nitrogenous base that has a double-ring structure; adenine or guanine | purine |
| a nitrogenous base that has a single-ring structure; in DNA, either thymine or cytosine | pyrimidine |
| the process of making a copy of DNA | DNA replication |
| an enzyme that unwinds the DNA double helix during DNA replication | DNA helicase |
| an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of the DNA molecule | DNA polymerase |
| ribonucleic acid, a natural polymer that is present in all living cells and that plays a role in protein synthesis | RNA |
| the manifestation of the genetic material of an organism in the form of specific traits | gene expression |
| the process of forming a nucleic acid by using another molecule as a template | transcription |
| the portion of protein synthesis that takes place at ribosomes and that uses the codons in mRNA molecules to specify the sequence of amino acids in polypeptide chains | translation |
| in DNA and mRNA, a three-nucleotide sequence that encodes an amino acid or signifies a start signal or a stop signal | codon |
