| A | B |
|---|
| Great Awakening | Renewed interest in religion but most importantly the colonists were more closely drawn together united in this belief. |
| Enlightenment | Provoked intense emotion and emphasized reason as a guide to life; John Locke (Enlightenment thinker) believed that governments responsibilty was to protect natural rights and if it failed to do so that government should be changed; this philosophy was accepted in the colonies. |
| Proclamation of 1763 | Parliament forbade colonists from settling east of the Appalacian Mts even though many colonists fought for control of the land; they did not want to pay to protect the colonists from Indians |
| Quartering Act 1765 | Colonists had to house and feed British soldiers; Britain would not have to pay to do this! |
| Stamp Act 1765 | Taxed everyday items such as newspapers, cards and all legal documents such as marriage licenses had to have an official stamp on them which of course had to be paid for. "Internal Tax" |
| Internal Tax | tax on items solely used, produced, and distributed in the colonies but yet the money went directly to Britain |
| boycott | an agreement not to buy or sell British goods. |
| Declatory Act 1766 | stated Parliament had the right to rule and tax the colonies as they saw fit |
| Townshend Acts 1767 | tax on paint, glass, lead, paper and tea, this $ used to pay British officials in the colonies |
| writs of assistance 1767 | blank search warrants where Brit. officials could enter priv.property searching for smuggled goods |
| Boston Massacre 1770 | colonial protestors and British soldiers clash where 5 colonists die |
| Crispus Attucks | 1st to die in Boston Massacre, 1st casualty of Revolution |
| Tea Act 1773 | Forced colonists to buy tea from East India Company (British) |
| Boston Tea Party 1773 | colonists dressed as Indians who dumped British tea into Boston harbor in protest of Tea Act |
| Coercive Acts (Intolerable Acts) | passed to punish colonists for Boston Tea Party; closed the port of Boston till tea paid for |
| "Common Sense" 1775 | pamphlet written by Thomas Paine urging colonists that it was time to declare independence |
| Preamble | explains reason for drawing up Dec. of Indep. |
| Declaration of Rights | lists citizens rights |
| List of Grievances | list all of the colonial complaints toward Britain |
| Resolution of Independence | "the colonies are free and indep. states" |
| blockade | to prevent goods and people from moving in and out of an area |
| Jamestown | first permanent settlement in New World |
| tyranny | cruel and unjust rule ex: King George and Parliament |
| Articles of Confederation | the first U.S. constitution; failed due to weak federal government |
| Federalists | those who supported the Constitution and strong central government |
| Antifederalists | did not want Articles of Confederation replaced |
| ratify | to formally accept; 9 of 13 states needed to ratify Constitution |
| separation of powers | division of power among legislative, executive, and judicial branches of gov. |
| Judicial Branch | branch of government that interprets the Constitution |
| Supreme Court | Judicial Branch of government that interpret laws |
| Legislative Branch | Congress: 2 houses of legislative branch that make laws for U.S. |
| Executive Branch | President - V.P. and Cabinet whose resp. is to enforce laws |
| checks and balances | Constitutional system where ea. branch of gov. has authority over the others |
| legislation | laws |
| Virginia Plan | large state plan w/ 3 branches and 2 house congress |
| New Jersey Plan | small state plan; 3 branches, one-house congress states equal |
| Great Compromise | 2 house Congress; one house 2 senators per state; other house reps based on pop. |
| Founding Fathers | delegates who created the Constitution |
| Land Ordinance of 1785 | provided method for settling the Northwest Territories; townships |
| constitution | document presenting a plan of government |
| subsistence farming | producing enough food for their families |
| commerce | trade |
| bicameral | consisting of 2 houses; ex: U.S. Congress |
| legislate | to make laws |
| unconstitutional | not according to law of Constitution |
| indentured servant | agreed to work for period of time in exchange for passage to America |
| slaves | involuntary servitued; labor force for Southern plantations |
| embargo | form of protest; to cut off all trade w/ another country |
| Patriot | one who supported independence from England |
| Loyalist | colonist who sided with England during Revolution |
| Daniel Shays | Revolution veteran, farmer, started a rebellion vs. U.S. due to debts |
| James Madison | delegate from Virginia; "Father of Constitiution" |
| George Washington | Rev. War general; delegate to Constit. Conv.; vote to preside over proceedings |
| Paul Revere | warned colonists the British Army was on its way to Lexington |
| Ben Franklin | delegate to Constit. Conv.; inventor; diplomat,... |
| Patrick Henry | Patriot; "Give me Liberty, or give me Death!" |
| Nathan Hale | spy for Gen. Washington; "I regret that I have but 1 life to give for my country |
| Samuel Adams | leader of the patriot protest group the Sons of Liberty |
| amendments | formal changes to the Constitution |
| nurses, cooks, tended to homes | roles of women in American Revolution |
| Northwest Territories | future states of MI, WI, MN, Oh,IN,IL |
| North: Industry / South: Agricultural | Regional economies of early America |
| religious freedom, better life, new opportunities | reasons for immigrating to American during colonization |
| Biggest problem of the Articles of Confederation | couldn't tax citizens; lack of power in Fed. Gov. |
| Valley Forge | where Washington's troops spent harsh winter but kept morale up |
| Occupations of most Founding Fathers | Lawyers, judges, or large farmers |
| "Supreme Law of the Land" | the Constitution (highest rule) |
| Judicial Review is?: | determining if laws are constitutional or not |
| John Adams | member of Continental Congress and 2nd president |
| Thomas Jefferson | author of Dec. of Independence and 3rd president |
| white, male, property owners | most state's voting requirements in early America |
| Fed. or Antifed.?: strong federal gov. will overpower the states | Antifederalist fear |
| Fed. or Antifed.?: strong fed. gov. U.S.'s only hope of survival | Federalist |
| Fed. or Antifed.?: Constitution only protects few rights | Antifederalist |
| Fed. or Antifed.?: elected gov. could be worse than king | Antifederalist |
| "Taxation w/o Representation" | colonists most serious complaint about England |
| Tyranny | abosolute rule - abuse of power |
| CAUSE | largest advantage of colonists during Revolution: independence,... |
| Hit-and-run-tactics (war) | colonist used to fight supreme British Army |
| Supremacy Clause | stated in Constitution giving highest authority to Constitution & fed. gov. |
| Citizen representation in fed. gov.? | citizens elect politicians to represent them in state and natl. gov. |
