| A | B |
|---|
| Sarcomere | Functional unit of contraction, Part of a myofibril,thin filaments attach to Z disks & thick filaments wedge between thin. |
| Thick Filament | Wedges in between thin (myosin) |
| Thin Filament | Actin, Troomyosin, Troponin, thin filament attaches to Z-disk |
| Actin | Binding site for Myosin heads, (twisted pearls) The contractile protein that makes up thin myofilaments in muscle fiber. |
| Myosin | Molecular motors, Interact with actin filaments: Utilize energy from ATP hydrolysis to generate mechanical forceForce generation: Associated with movement of myosin heads to tilt toward each other |
| Innervation | Nerve supply to a muscle or gland. |
| Motor Neuron | Nerve cell which innervates muscle or glands. |
| Motor Unit | A single motor neuron plus all the muscle cells it innervates. |
| Neuromuscular Junction | Functional connection between a motor neuron and skeletal muscle cells. |
| Neurotransmitters | Any specific chemical agent released by a presynaptic cell on excitation that crosses the synaptic cleft and stimulates or inhibits the postsynaptic cell. |
| Muscle Twitch | Contraction of a whole muscle in response to a stimulus that causes an action potential in one or more muscle fibers. |
| Tetanus | A smooth sustained contraction responding to multiple stimuli,(lockjaw) an anaerobe commonly found in ruminants and manure. Causes severe tonic muscle spasms. |
| Recruitment | To join together, enforcement, strengthen |
| Muscle Tone | Relatively constant tension produced by a muscle for long periods as a result of asynchronous contraction of motor units |
| Myoglobin | A red oxygen-storage pigment of muscle; supplements hemoglobin in providing oxygen for aerobic muscle metabolism. |
| Phosphocreatine - creatine phospate | Provides the phosphate to rebuild more ATP |
| Anaerobic | Anaerobic respiration: Breakdown of glucose in the absence of oxygen to produce lactic acid and two ATPs; consists of glycolysis and the reduction of pyruvic acid to lactic acid |
| Neuron | Morphologic and functional unit of the nsystem, consisting of the nerve cell body, the dendrites, and the axon. Which have the properties of excitability ervous and conductivity |
| Neuroglia | Cells which do not conduct nerve impulses but serve as supportive, binding, protective, and nutritive cells. Cells in the nervous system other than the neurons; includes astrocytes, ependymal cells, microglia, oligodendrocytes, satellite cells, and Schwann cells. |
| Sensory | Afferent division of the peripheral nervous system |
| Motor | Efferent division of the peripheal nervous system |
| Integrative Function | From one to another, as in sensory and motor neaurons in the CNS |
| Somatic | Relating to the body, the cells of the body except the reproductive cells. |
| Visceral | Pertaining to the contents of a body cavity |
| Soma | The nucleus containing central part of a neuron. |
| Axon | Main central process of a neuron that normally conducts action potentials away from the neuron cell body. |
| Dendrite | A process of a neuron that receives information from other cells or from environmental stimuli and conducts signals to the soma. |
| Nerve Fiber | The axon of a single neuron. |
| Nerve Tract | Bundles of parallel axons with their associated sheaths in the central nervous system. |
| Multipolar Neuron | One of three categories of neurons consisting of a neuron cell body, an axon, and two or more dendrites |
| Bipolar Neuron | One of the three categories of neurons consisting of a neuron with two processesóone dendrite and one axonóarising from opposite poles of the cell body. |
| Afferent Neurons | Sensory neuron, A neuron that carries an impulse toward the central nervous system. |
| Efferent Neuron | Motor neurons, carries an impluse away from the central nervous system |
| Association Neuron | A nerve cell lying completely within the central nervous system that carries impulses from sensory neurons to motor neurons. Also called an interneuron or connecting neuron |
| Myelinated Fiber | Nerve fiber, makes up myelinated sheath |
