| A | B |
|---|
| genetics | study of heredity |
| heredity | passing of traits from 1 generation to another |
| phenotype | an organism's physical appearance |
| genotype | an organism's genetic makeup or allele pair |
| heterozygous | having 2 different alleles for a trait |
| homozygous | having 2 identical alleles for a trait |
| purebred | an organism that produces offspring with the same trait as the parent |
| hybrid | an organism that has 2 different alleles for a trait |
| chromosome | a double spiraled rod of condensed genetic material |
| gene | a segment of DNA that contains the instructions for producing a trait |
| gamete | a sex cell containing 1/2 the numbers of chromosomes contained in a normal cell |
| meiosis | process where 1 normal cell divides and eventually produces 4 cells with 1/2 the original number of chromosomes |
| mitosis | process where 1 normal cell divides and eventually produces 2 cells identical to the parent cell |
| alleles | different physical forms of a gene |
| trait | characteristic that is passed from parent to offspring |
| cloning | process that artificially produces offspring identical to the parent |
| Mendel | Father of Genetics |
| deoxyribonucleic | long chain acid that holds genetic information |
| cytosine | nitrogen base in DNA that pairs with guanine |
| adenine | nitrogen base in DNA that pairs with thymine |
| guanine | nitrogen base in DNA that pairs with cytosine |
| thymine | nitrogen base in DNA that pairs with adenine |
| incomplete | type of genetic dominance where blending of traits occurs, producing a new phenotype |
| codominance | type of genetic dominance where both traits occur independently |
| mutation | a change in DNA caused by chemicals, radiation or aging |
