| A | B |
|---|
| tiny bits of rock or once-living animals or plants | sediment |
| space between particles of soil | pore space |
| layers of a soil profile (include topsoil, subsoil, broken bedrock, and bedrock) | horizon |
| decayed plant and animal matter in soil (has nutrients that help plants grow) | humus |
| "fire-made" rock formed when melted rock material cools (EX: granite) | igneous rock |
| rock formed from another kind of rock under heat and pressure (EX: marble - made from limestone) | metamorphic rock |
| a rock that forms when small bits of matter are presed together in layers | sedimentary rock |
| the way light bounces off the surface of a mineral | luster |
| have pore spaces through which water and air can pass | porous |
| a natural, nonliving substance that makes up rocks - called "building blocks" of rocks | mineral |
| the size of mineral particles or soil particles | texture |
| What are the properties of minerals? | The properties of minerals are color, hardness, luster, and streak. |
| Is color a good trait to use to identify minerals? Why or why not? | Color is not a good trait to identify minerals because colors vary and many minerals are the same color. |
| What is the softest mineral? | Talc |
| What is the hardest mineral? | diamond |
| What is used to measure the hardness of minerals? | The Mohs scale measures hardness on a scale of 1 to 10. |
| What is the way light bounces off the surface of a mineral? | luster |
| Can minerals have no shine or a dull luster? | yes |
| What is the color of powder left behind when you scratch a mineral along a white tile? | streak |
| What are natural objects that are made of minerals? | rocks |
| What kind of texture is made of large sediments or minerals in the rock? | coarse texture |
| What is the property that some rocks have when they form bubbles when they come into contact with an acid? | effervescence |
| What is soil made of? | Soil is made up of bits or rocks, minerals, decayed plant or animal matter (humus), and pockets of air and water. |
| What is a vertical section of soil that starts at Earth's surface and moves downward to the bedrock? | a soil profile |
| What describes how fast or slow water passes through a soil? | permeability |
| What will happen to a plant if the soil does not hold enough water? | The plant can dry up. |
| What will happen to a plant if the soil holds too much water? | The plant can drown. |
