| A | B |
|---|
| Substance | A form of matter that has a uniform and unchanging composition |
| Physical property | A characteristic of matter that can be observed or measured without changing the sampleÕs composition |
| Extensive property | A physical property that is dependent upon the amount of the sample present |
| Intensive property | A physical property that is independent of the amount of the sample present |
| Chemical property | A characteristic of matter that forms one or more new substances upon observation |
| States of matter | The physical forms in which all matter naturally exists on Earth |
| Solid | A form of matter that has a definite shape and definite volume |
| Liquid | A form of matter that has an indefinite shape and a definite volume |
| Gas | A form of matter that has an indefinite shape and indefinite volume |
| Vapor | Gaseous state of a substance that is a liquid or solid at room temperature |
| Physical change | A type of change that alters the physical properties of a substance without changing the samples composition |
| Chemical change | A type of change that alters the chemical composition of a sample |
| Law of conservation of mass | States that mass can be neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction |
| Mixture | A blend of two or more substances in any proportion in which each of the substances retains its individual properties |
| Heterogeneous mixture | A mixture that does not have a uniform composition and in which the individual substances remain distinct |
| Homogeneous mixture | A mixture that has a uniform composition throughout |
| Solution | Another name for a homogeneous mixture |
| Filtration | A separation technique in which a porous barrier is used to separate solids from liquids based on particle size |
| Distillation | A separation technique in which two or more liquids are separated based on differences in boiling point |
| Crystallization | A separation technique in which pure solid particles are produced from a solution that contains the dissolved substance |
| Chromatography | A separation technique in which the components of a mixture are separated based on the tendency of each component to travel through another material |
| Element | A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical or physical means |
| Periodic table | A chart that organizes all of the known elements into a grid of horizontal rows and vertical columns and arranged by increasing atomic number |
| Compound | A chemical combination of two or more different elements; can be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means |
| Law of definite proportions | States that, regardless of the amount, a compound is always composed of the same elements in the same proportion by mass |
| Percent by mass | A percentage determined by the ratio of the mass of each element to the total mass of the compound |
| Law of multiple proportions | States that when different compounds are formed by the combination of the same elements, different masses of one element combine with the same mass of the other element in a ratio of small whole numbers |
