| A | B |
|---|
| The MOST abundant element in the Sun | hydrogen |
| The nebula from which the Sun and planets formed is composed primarily of gases OTHER THAN ______ | nitrogen and oxygen |
| Radioactive dating of terrestrial samples, lunar samples, and meteorites indicate that the Earth and Moon system are approximately | 4.6 billion years old |
| The Sun a ___________ star. | typical |
| Most scientists believe that early earth was homogenous without | core, mantle or crust |
| Earth’s initial atmosphere was carbon dioxide and water vapor and then due to stratification and volcanic action causing gases to be “out gassed” or “burped out” from inside Earth it changed to mainly ____________. | nitrogen |
| One argument for the extinction of dinosaurs and many other species 65 million years ago is that it was the result of _______________. | the impact of an asteroid |
| Observations of planetary motion relative to the seemingly fixed stars indicate that the stars are ___________________________. | farther from Earth than the planets |
| The differences and similarities among the Sun, the terrestrial planets, and the gas planets may have been established __________________________. | during the formation of the solar system |
| In early Earth, no ozone layer existed in the stratosphere to absorb ultraviolet rays, which kept the planet __________________. | sterile |
| The product of nuclear fusion is the element ________. | helium |
| This will happen to an object’s wavelength as the object moves toward you. | The wavelength will be shorter and emit blue light. |
| One of the following is NOT a terrestrial planet: Earth, Jupiter, Mars, Venus, Mercury. | Jupiter |
| The source of the sun’s energy is ______. | nuclear fusion |
| The most obvious difference between the terrestrial planet and the Jovian planets is ___. | size |
| The techniques used to measure distances to planets includes ______________. | parallax (angle and trigonometry), luminosity (intensity of light), and the Doppler Effect |
| Using the Doppler Effect, astronomers can determine ____________________. | a star's movement toward or away from the Earth |
| In this process, the Sun’s fusion reaction ignited the solar winds which blew gases to the outer solar system leaving inner planets that are rocky and making outer planets that are made of ice and gas. | differentiation of fractionation |
| The evidence of the Earth forming from a rotating nebular disk includes the planets all orbit in the same _______________. | direction |
| One of the following is NOT considered part of the solar system: inner planets, outer planets, the Sun, galaxies, comets | galaxies |
| The formation of the solar system from a huge cloud of dust and gases | nebular hypothesis |
| Characteristics of the Jovian planets include all of the following, except: gas or ice, distance from Sun beyond Mars, includes Neptune, includes Uranus | distance from Sun beyond Mars |
| The change in wavelength that occurs when an object moves toward or away from a source | Doppler effect |
| Which of the following is NOT a Jovian planet: Neptune, Mars, Uranus, Jupiter | Mars |
| Most asteroids lie between the orbits of these two planets. | Mars and Jupiter |
| Evidence from drill cores samples and surface exposures of very old rocks about 3.9 million years old, reveals that Earth differed from its present form in all these ways. | the composition of the atmosphere; the distribution of water; the shapes/sizes, and positions of landmasses |
| The theory that the formation of the Moon came from the collision of Earth with a Mars-sized planet. | Giant impact Theory |
| Evidence that asteroids impacts are believed to have had a dramatic effect on shaping the surface of the planets and their moons | craters |
| The FIRST step in the formation of the Solar System, according to the nebular hypothesis | A nebula collapses possibly from the impact of a nearby supernova |
| The LAST step in the formation of the Solar System, according to the nebular hypothesis | Planets, moons and meteorites grow by accretion through continual collision |
