| A | B |
|---|
| aediles | responsible for cleaning and keeping safe streets and public places |
| Praetorian Guard | protected the emperor |
| Urban Cohorts | like police; maintained order; patroled city during the day |
| Urban Prefect | ran the Urban Cohorts |
| Vigiles | watchmen who put out fires at night |
| libertini | freed slaves who served as Vigiles |
| crucifixion | penalty for slave convicted of a capital crime |
| prefects | leaders of the Praetorian Guard |
| agriculture | basis of Rome's economy |
| villae rusticae | mid-size farms; country homes |
| latifundia | large farms; dominated the industry |
| garum (liquamen) | fermented fish sauce |
| evaporation tanks | way to collect sea salt |
| forum | marketplace |
| fisheries | used to raise eels and oysters mostly |
| dormice | small, edible rodents eaten by Romans |
| bulla | protective charm worn around the neck of children |
| Juno | patron of women in childbirth; protector of girls |
| broom, pestle, axe | used in ritual of birth; symbolized civilized world |
| exposure | method of infanticide |
| Hercules | protector of boys |
| Nominalia | naming ceremony |
| praenomen | first name |
| nomen | family name |
| cognomen | clan name |
| crepundia | necklace of rattles and ornaments to scare away evil spirits |
| Liberalia | March 17; feast of Bacchus and coming-of-age party for boys |
| first beard scrapings and bulla | young man's first offerings to household gods |
| toga virilis | toga of manhood |
| Forum | place where boy is registered as a citizen |
| confarreatio | very restrictive wedding arrangement-husband has complete control of wife--no divorce |
| coemptio | "purchase"; grooms buys wife with a coin placed on a scale |
| usus | simplest marriage; commonly used by plebeians |
| betrothal | legal contract for an arranged marriage |
| knot of Hercules | knot fastening wooden belt around bride's tunic |
| bride's hairdo | divided into six sections by tip of a spear |
| pronuba | matron who accompanied the bride in a confarreatio |
| camillus | boy who carried sacrificial objects in a confarreatio |
| Ubi tu Gaius, ego Gaia | wedding vow |
| Feliciter! | congratulations to the couple |
| mustaceum | wedding cake made with fresh grape juice |
| flammeum | bride's orange-yellow veil |
| spindle and distaff | objects to symbolize married life |
| smearing the door with wool soaked in oil and fat | bride does this on the wedding night |
| fire and water | groom gives this to bride after he carries her over the threshold |
| burial clubs | provided funerals for plebeians |
| kissing mouth of deceased | to catch their last breath |
| location of burials | outside city limits |
| funeral games | games in honor of dead |
| Parentalia | feast in honor of ancestors |
| atrium | entry way; contained impluvium and fire place |
| peristylium | covered walkway around garden |
| vestibulum | main entry into the house |
| fauces | passageway; means "throat" |
| impluvium | hole in floor of atrium to catch rain water |
| compluvium | hole in roof to let in rain water and let out smoke |
| triclinium | dining room; "place for three couches" |
| tablinum | large reception room or study/library |
| taberna | a shop attached to front of the house |
| cubiculum | bedroom |
| balnea | bathroom |
| culina | kitchen |
| hortus | garden |
| piscina | fish pond in the garden |
| Lares and Penates | household gods |
| libertini | freedmen or freedwomen |
| Monarchy | 753-509 BCE; rule by individual kings |
| Republic | 509-27 BCE; leaders elected by vote |
| Empire | 27BCE-476CE; rule by a single emperor |
| consuls | highest elected officials during the Republic; two per one-year term |
| social class | determined by family background |
| patricians | highest social class; could trace ancestry back to beginning of Rome |
| equestrians | wealthy merchant class |
| plebeians | lower class |
| optimates | senatorial aristocrats |
| toga | only worn by male citizens of Rome |
| toga praetexta | purple-bordered toga indicating senatorial rank or boys |
| toga virilis | toga of manhood; plain toga |
| toga candida | pure white toga indicating candidate for office |
| praenomen | equivalent to a first name |
| nomen | identified extended family or clan |
| cognomen | last name which indicated the branch of the family to which the person belonged |
| agnomen | fourth name added to indicate a new family branch or sudivision of a branch |
| -anus | suffix indicating an adopted male |
| patronus | supported less fortunate clients |
| paterfamilias | male head of the family |
| materfamilias | female head of the family |
| pietas | loyalty; obligation; devotion to welfare of the family |
| judicium domesticum | family court to discuss serious issues of discipline |
| matrona | Roman mother |
| Nominalia | day a Roman child received a name |
| bulla | protective charm or amulet worn around the neck |
| paedagogus | slave who tutored Roman children |
| familia | Roman family |
