| A | B |
|---|
| Emile Durkheim (1858-1917) | recognised that deviance is both inevitable and functional to society. |
| Robert K. Merton (1910-2003) | viewed crime as arising from blocked opportunities. |
| Functionalism has | had a major influence in subcultural theories in crime and deviance. |
| Subcultural Theory | claims that gangs provide an alternative means of achieving status. |
| Delinquency is 'functional' | for the subculture's members |
| Functionalism sees society as based on | value consensus |
| Functionalists claim sharing the same culture produces | social solidarity |
| In order to achieve 3 above, the following two key mechanisms are required- | socialisation and social control |
| Durkheim stated "crime is normal | an integral part of all healthy societies" |
| Crime and deviance are always found in societies because | not everyone is equally socialised and Different groups develop their own subcultures |
| According to Durkheim, anomie is | the rules becoming less clear-cut /is a major cause of suicide/ the weakening of rules that govern behaviour |
| For Durkheim, crime fulfils two important positive functions. | boundary maintenance / change |
| With respect to the first important positive function, which one of the following functions is imperative ? | Punishment |
| With respect to the second positive function, all change starts with which act? | Deviance |
| Kinsley Davis (1961) suggests | prostitution serves a positive function/prostitution is a safety valve/prostitution does not threaten the monogamous nuclear family |
| Ned Polsky (1967) argues that pornography 'channels' a variety of sexual desires thereby | preventing adultery which poses a greater threat to the family |
| For AK Cohen, deviance functions to | warn the system and policy makers to make changes |
| K. Erikson (1966) argues that if crime and deviance perform a positive function, then perhaps society | promotes the two. |
