| A | B |
|---|
| chromosome | a strand of DNA wrapped around a protein |
| sister chromatids | chromosome and its replicated copy |
| gene | a section of DNA that determines a trait |
| homologous chromosomes | same shape, size, and carry the same genes |
| somatic cell division | mitosis for repair and replacement of body cells |
| sex cell division | meiosis to make gametes (sex cells) |
| gamete | an egg or sperm made through meiosis |
| zygote | an egg fertilized by a sperm |
| haploid | half of the chromosomes of a normal cell (1N) |
| diploid | full set of chromosomes of a normal cell (2N) |
| Gregor Mendel | Father of genetics |
| Allele | one form of a gene Ex- A or a |
| Autosomal trait | any trait other than a sex determining trait |
| Autosomal dominant trait | phenotype seen if at least 1 of the alleles in the genotypes codes for that phenotype (Ex- AA or Aa) |
| Autosomal recessive trait | phenotype seen only if both alleles in the genotype code for that phenotype (Ex-aa) |
| genotype | two alleles, one from each homologous chromosome that code for a trait |
| phenotype | physical appearance of the trait |
| homozygous | two identical alleles for a particular trait |
| heterozygous | two different alleles for a particular trait |
| codominant trait | both alleles of a gene contribute independently to the phenotype |
| incomplete dominant trait | a blended phenotype is created by the alleles |
| multiple alleles | three or more alleles to pick from for a genotype |
| polygenic trait | trait controlled by two of more genes |
| sex linked trait | gene on the X chromosome only |
| aneuploidy | organisms with an abnormal number of chromosomes |
