| A | B |
|---|
| cruel and unusual punishment | punishment prohibited by the Eighth Amendment (e.g. torture) |
| double jeopardy | the Fifth Amendment protects against this practice of prosecuting someone twice for the same crime |
| due process | fair treatment in the judicial system |
| eminent domain | the right of government to take private property for public use |
| petition | a formal request for government action |
| assembly | a gathering of people for a common purpose |
| probable cause | reasonable grounds for obtaining a warrant to search a person or their property |
| plead the Fifth | asserting one's Fifth Amendment right not to incriminate oneself |
| indictment | a document issued by a grand jury that charges someone with a crime |
| ex post facto law | a law that would allow a person to be punished for an action that was legal when it was committed |
| habeas corpus | a writ requiring a person under arrest to be brought before a judge or into court, especially to secure the person's release unless lawful grounds are shown for their detention |
| precedent | a ruling that is used as the basis for a judicial decision in a later, similar case |
| 13th Amendment | Constitutional amendment banning slavery |
| 14th Amendment | Constitutional amendment addressing citizenship rights and equal protection under the law |
| 15th Amendment | Constitutional amendment granting the right to vote to African-American men |
| 19th Amendment | Constitutional amendment granting the right to vote to women |
| 26th Amendment | Constitutional amendment lowering the voting age to 18 |
| Brown v. Board of Education | Supreme Court ruling ending racial segregation in public schools |
| Miranda v. Arizona | Supreme Court ruling protecting the right of the accused not to incriminate oneself |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | Supreme Court ruling establishing 'separate but equal' racial segregation |
| Tinker v. Des Moines | Supreme Court ruling protecting student's free speech rights |
| Gideon v. Wainwright | Supreme Court ruling protecting the accused's right to an attorney in criminal cases |
