| A | B |
|---|
| Cincinnatus | Won in the battle of Aequi but relinquished his power over and returned to his farm |
| Coriolanus | he advised that the people should not receive grain unless they would consent to the abolition of the office of tribune: the tribunes had him condemned to exile. |
| Horatius Cocles | Roman army officer who defended the Pons Sublicius from the invading army of Lars Porsena |
| Lars Porsena | An Etruscan king known for his war against Rome and he was the ruler of Clusium |
| Mucius Scaevola | A Roman youth who saved Rome from conquest by Lars Porsena |
| Hannibal | Greatest enemy of Roman republic who defeated Rome in the Second Punic War |
| Appius Claudius | Roman politician and son of Crassus; he was responsible for Rome's first aqueduct and road project |
| Scipio | Roman general who defeated Hannibal and ended the Second Punic war |
| Cato the Elder | Roman senator who was the first to write history in Latin |
| Zama, Lake Trasimene, Cannae | Battles of Second Punic War |
| Fabius Maximus Cunctator | statesman whose cautious delaying tactics during the early stages of the Second Punic War gave Rome time to recover its strength |
| Cornelia | Second daughter of Scipio Africanus and prototype of a virtuous Roman woman |
| Trebia River | Wher first major battle of Second Punic war was fought and where Hannibal's force was camped out at |
| Pyrrhus | Greek general of the Hellenistic period and King of Greek tribe of Molossians |
| Carthage | Was a major city of trade and influence in the Western Mediterranean |
| Catiline | Roman senator of 1st century BC known for the second Catilinarian conspiracy |
| Spartacus | Thracian gladiator who escaped slave leaders in the third servile war |
| Pompey | A military and political leader of the late roman republic who formed the first triumvirate with Crassus and Caesar |
| Marcus Antonius | Roman general who committed suicide after b eing defeated by Octavian |
| Publius Clodius | A roman tribune who was murdered on the Appian way by the bodyguards of Cicero and Milo |
| Sulla | Roman military leader and dictator who gained his power through numerous accomplishments |
| Marius | Roman general and politician who was the first Roman to illustrate political support |
| Gracchi | Roman tribune who reenacted the agrarian reforms of his brother |
| Mithridates | famous king of Pontus best known for his conflict with the Roman Republic |
| Cato the Younger | cultivated habits of austerity and made a great show of political and moral probity |
| fasces | bundle of rods with projecting ax blade ; symbol of a magistrate's power |
| censor | magistrate responsible for maintaining the census and overseeing public morality |
| princeps | originated under the Roman Republic when held by leader of the Senate |
| Consul | chairmen of the Senate, commanded the army and ,excercised highest judicial power |
| Praetor | responsible for production of public games and had authority in cases of equity |
| Aedile | responsible for public buildings ,supply of grain, and public games |
| Dictator | leader in time of crisis and appointed magistrates at will for 6 months |
| Master of Horse | 300-men body of riders what the first kings of Rome incorporated into the legion |
| Tribune | military and civil officials |
| Quaestor | lowest ranking regular magistrate whose responsibilty was treasury |
| Pontifex Maximus | chairman of the college pontifices or priest ; the highest Roman priest |
| SPQR | Senatus Populusque Romanus( the senate and people of Rome) |
| Optimates | dominate group in the senate that blocks the wishes of others |
| Populares | sought support against the dominate oligarchy |
| Patricians | any member of a group of citizen families who formed a privileged class |
| Plebians | member of the general citizenry; excluded from all public offices except military tribune |
| Equestrians | orginal members of the calvary , political, and administrative class |
| Publicans | maintained public buildings, supplied armies, and collected cretain taxes |
| Proletarii | people who are too poor to serve in the army with no land |
| libertus | former slave released from slavery |
