| A | B |
|---|
| Cincinnatus | Famous farmer and fierce leader |
| Coriolanus | Roman who was prevented from marching on Rome by his moter Vetria |
| Horatius Cocles | Defended the bridge across the Tiber against Ethruscans |
| Lars Porsena | King of Ethruscan town and the downfall of the Roman monarchy |
| Mucius Scaevola | Burned his hand off |
| Hannibal | General of Cathrage Army; led army across the Alps |
| Appius Claudius | Legal Expert; built Rome's first aqueduct |
| Scipio | Roman General; defeated Hannibal in battle of Zama |
| Cato the Elder | Roman Statesman; known for conservative behavior |
| Lake Trasimene | major battle of Punic War; Hannibal defeated Romans |
| Zama | Last Punic War Battle; victory of the Romans |
| Fabius Maximus Cunctator | The Delayer, successful general, delaying tactics against Hannibal |
| Cornelia | Second daughter of Pubilus Cornelius Scipio Africanus |
| Trebia River | First major battle of the Second Punic War, Carthaginans defeated Romans |
| Pyrrhus | King of Epirus; won but lost war against Rome and Macedonia |
| Carthage | great city of antiquity; founded by the Phoenicians of Tyre |
| Catiline | Tried to overthrow Republic; Died to Cicero's army |
| Spartacus | leader in gladiatoral war; started a army with slaves |
| Pompey | Opposed Caesar; died after the battle of Pharsalus |
| Marcus Antonius | Defeated by Octavian; left Rome for Cleopatra |
| Publius Clodius | Nemesis of Cicero; Killed by Milo |
| Sulla | first man to use the army for personal autocracy |
| Marius | Held consul seven times |
| Gracchi | brothers who represented plebs |
| Mithridates | King of Pontus; one of Romans most hated enemy |
| Cato the Younger | Statesman; triedto obstruct Caesar’s agrarian legislation |
| fasces | bundle of rods; symbolized authority |
| censor | Took the census, collection of taxes in the provinces |
| princeps | leader of the senate |
| Consul | commanded the Roman army; exercised the highest juridical power in the Roman empire |
| Praetor | Interpreted and applied the law; judicial branch |
| Aedile | Sponsored public games and festivals, four of them |
| Dictator | Roman office filled in times for extreme need of danger |
| Master of Horse | an office appointed and dismissed by the Roman Dictator; a term of six months in the early and mid-republic. |
| Tribune | Elected officials had power to veto |
| Quaestor | Public treasurers, twenty of them |
| Pontifex Maximus | Greatest chief priest, elected for life |
| SPQR | The Roman Senate and People; appeared on currency |
| Optimates | political groups; tried to uphold the oligarchy |
| Populares | political groups; support against the oligarchy |
| Patricians | important families or clans;formed a privileged class |
| Plebians | general citizenry; opposed privileged patrician |
| Equestrians | Plebeians who nobled themselves by entering the senate |
| Publicans | Public contractors, often supplied |
| Proletarii | anti social clas; wage earners, labor work |
| libertus | former slave, freed men or women |
| Catiline | He was an aristocrat who turned demagogue and made an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow the republic while Cicero was a consul. He was a Roman patrician, soldier, and senator during the 1st century. |
| Spartacus | A Thracian gladiator who was one of the escaped slave leaders in the Third Servile War. |
| Pompey | He was a military leader and politician during the fall of the Roman Republic. He founded the First Triumvirate, but later quarrelled with Julius Caesar, who defeated him at the battle of Pharsalus. |
| Marcus Antonius | He joined the military staff of Julius Caesar for the Roman conquest of central and northern Gaul. He was an ally of Julius Caesar and the main rival of his successor Octavian. |
| Publius Clodius | He became a major disruptive force in Roman politics during the First Triumvirate. He was a Roman politician known for his popularist tactics. He had a fued with Marcus Tullius Cicero. |
| Sulla | He held as tribune twice. Revived the dictarship. He had a civil war in Rome against Gaius Marius. |
| Marius | He held the office of consul an unprecedented seven times during his career. He was also noted for his important reforms of Roman armies. |
| Gracchi | They were brothers who tried to reform Rome's social and political structure to help the lower classes. They set Roman politics on a course that ended in the collapse of the republic. |
| Mithridates | King of Pontus and Armenia Minor in northern Anatolia from about 120-63 BC. |
| Cato the Younger | A statesman in the late Roman Republic, and a follower of the Stoic philosophy. |
| fasces | A bundle of rods and a single axe which were carried as a symbol of magisterial and priestly authority in ancient Rome. |
| censor | Responsible for maintaing the list of citizens and their tax obligations (census), supervising public morality, and handed out lucrative public contracts and tax collecting rights. |
| princeps | Official title of a Roman Emperor as the title determining the leader in Ancient Rome at the beginning of the Roman Empire. It created the principate Roman imperial system. |
| Consul | The chairmen of the Senate which served as a board of advisers. They commanded the Roman army and exercised the highest juridicial power in the Roman Empire. Two of these people were elected every year. |
| Praetor | They commanded armies in the absence of the consuls and served as the judges of the Roman Republic. A Roman was allowed to be one of these when they reached the age of 40. |
| Aedile | They were responsible for the Roman Games and the maintenance of temples. They had powers to enforce public order. |
| Dictator | Entrusted with full authority of the state to deal with a military emergency or to undertake a specific duty. |
| Master of Horse | An office appointed and dismissed by the Roman Dictator, expired with the Dictator's own office normally a term of 6 months. |
| Tribune | They were responsible for many adminitrative duties and could lead a section of legion under a consul. They can veto any action of the magistrates and senate. They were an officer of the Roman army who ranked below the legate and above the centurion. |
| Quaestor | Elected officials who superised the treasury and financal accounts of the state, its armies and its officers. |
| Pontifex Maximus | The chief high priest of the College of Pontiffs. Only open to patricans. |
| SPQR | Refers to government of ancient Roman Republic. This relates to Rome's Senate and the people. |
| Optimates | The wealthiest of all the classes. They were the dominant class. The "Best Men" of Rome. They favored the Roman laws and customs. |
| Populares | A wealthy group during the Roman Republic. They could help provisions that benefitted the common man |
| Patricians | Political, religious, and military leaders of Rome. You had to be born into this class unless chosen by the emperor. |
| Plebians | Farmers, craftsmen, laborers, and soldiers of Rome. They had very few rights. |
| Equestrians | Referred to as Equites or Knights. If you were in this group, you had an estate of at least 400 Sestertia. Also composed of Roman calavry. |
| Publicans | They were public contractors. They supplied the Roman legions and military, managed port duties, and oversaw building projects. |
| Proletarii | They were wage-earners in an economic society whose only possession of significant material value is how much work they can do. They owned little to no property. |
| libertus | Someone that was a slave but has been freed. |
| Apgripa | powerful deputy of Augustus |
| Augustus | military leader, first emperor of rome, son of caesar |
| Caligula | son of the popular Roman general Germanicus |
| Claudius | emperor who made Britain a province |
| Constantine | converted to Christianity on his deathbed |
| Domitian | last member of the Flavian dynasty |
| Galba | first emperor of the year of the Four Emperors |
| Hadrian | built a wall, whch marked the northern limit of Britannia |
| Livia | the wife of the Roman emperor Augustus throughout his reign |
| Maecenas | an ally, friend and political advisor to Octavian |
| Marcus Aurelius | philosopher interests |
| Nero | last Roman emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty |
| Octavian | fought to avenge Caesar |
| Tiberius | retired in Capri to be safe from many enemies |
| Titus | completion of colosseum |
| Trajan | left column that artistically represents the wars between Romans and Dacians |
| Vespasian | restored peace and stability after a period of civil war |
